Field-cycle-resolved photoionization in solids

The Keldysh theory of photoionization in a solid dielectric is generalized to the case of arbitrarily short driving pulses of arbitrary pulse shape. We derive a closed-form solution for the nonadiabatic ionization rate in a transparent solid with a periodic dispersion relation, which reveals ultrafast ionization dynamics within the field cycle and recovers the key results of the Keldysh theory in the appropriate limiting regimes.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Electrical neutrality and β\beta-equilibrium conditions in dense quark matter: generation of charged pion condensation by chiral imbalance

The phase diagram of dense quark matter with chiral imbalance is considered with the conditions of electric neutrality and $\beta$-equilibrium. It has been shown recently that chiral imbalance can generate charged pion condensation in dense quark matter, so it was interesting to verify that this phenomenon takes place in realistic physical scenarios such as electrically neutral matter in $\beta$-equilibrium, because a window of pion condensation at dense quark matter phase diagram (without chiral imbalance) predicted earlier was closed by the consideration of these conditions at the physical current quark mass. In this paper it has been shown that the charged pion condensation is generated by chiral imbalance in the dense electric neutral quark/baryonic matter in $\beta$-equilibrium, i. e. matter in neutron stars. It has been also demonstrated that pion condensation is inevitable phenomenon in dense quark matter with chiral imbalance if there is non-zero chiral imbalance in two forms, chiral and chiral isospin one. It seems that in this case pion condensation phase can be hardly avoided by any physical constraint on isopin imbalance and that this conclusion can be probably generalized from neutron star matter to the matter produced in heavy ion collisions or in neutron star mergers. The chiral limit and the physical piont (physical pion mass) has been considered and it was shown that the appearance of pion condensation is not much affected by the consideration of non-zero current quark mass.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figure

Affinity of NJL2_2 and NJL4_{4} model results on duality and pion condensation in chiral asymmetric dense quark matter

In this paper we investigate the phase structure of a (1+1) and (3+1)-dimensional quark model with four-quark interaction and in the presence of baryon ($\mu_B$), isospin ($\mu_I$) and chiral isospin ($\mu_{I5}$) chemical potentials. It is shown that the chemical potential $\mu_{I5}$ promotes the appearance of the charged PC phase with nonzero baryon density. Results of both models are qualitatively the same, this fact enhances one's confidence in %the faith in the obtained predictions. It is established that in the large-$N_c$ limit ($N_c$ is the number of colored quarks) there exists a duality correspondence between the chiral symmetry breaking phase and the charged pion condensation one.Comment: Proceedings of XXth International Seminar on High Energy Physics, QUARKS-201