231 research outputs found
Continual Causal Effect Estimation: Challenges and Opportunities
A further understanding of cause and effect within observational data is
critical across many domains, such as economics, health care, public policy,
web mining, online advertising, and marketing campaigns. Although significant
advances have been made to overcome the challenges in causal effect estimation
with observational data, such as missing counterfactual outcomes and selection
bias between treatment and control groups, the existing methods mainly focus on
source-specific and stationary observational data. Such learning strategies
assume that all observational data are already available during the training
phase and from only one source. This practical concern of accessibility is
ubiquitous in various academic and industrial applications. That's what it
boiled down to: in the era of big data, we face new challenges in causal
inference with observational data, i.e., the extensibility for incrementally
available observational data, the adaptability for extra domain adaptation
problem except for the imbalance between treatment and control groups, and the
accessibility for an enormous amount of data. In this position paper, we
formally define the problem of continual treatment effect estimation, describe
its research challenges, and then present possible solutions to this problem.
Moreover, we will discuss future research directions on this topic.Comment: The 37th AAAI conference on artificial intelligence Continual
Causality Bridge Progra
Fair Attribute Completion on Graph with Missing Attributes
Tackling unfairness in graph learning models is a challenging task, as the
unfairness issues on graphs involve both attributes and topological structures.
Existing work on fair graph learning simply assumes that attributes of all
nodes are available for model training and then makes fair predictions. In
practice, however, the attributes of some nodes might not be accessible due to
missing data or privacy concerns, which makes fair graph learning even more
challenging. In this paper, we propose FairAC, a fair attribute completion
method, to complement missing information and learn fair node embeddings for
graphs with missing attributes. FairAC adopts an attention mechanism to deal
with the attribute missing problem and meanwhile, it mitigates two types of
unfairness, i.e., feature unfairness from attributes and topological unfairness
due to attribute completion. FairAC can work on various types of homogeneous
graphs and generate fair embeddings for them and thus can be applied to most
downstream tasks to improve their fairness performance. To our best knowledge,
FairAC is the first method that jointly addresses the graph attribution
completion and graph unfairness problems. Experimental results on benchmark
datasets show that our method achieves better fairness performance with less
sacrifice in accuracy, compared with the state-of-the-art methods of fair graph
learning. Code is available at: https://github.com/donglgcn/FairAC
How People Perceive The Dynamic Zero-COVID Policy: A Retrospective Analysis From The Perspective of Appraisal Theory
The Dynamic Zero-COVID Policy in China spanned three years and diverse
emotional responses have been observed at different times. In this paper, we
retrospectively analyzed public sentiments and perceptions of the policy,
especially regarding how they evolved over time, and how they related to
people's lived experiences. Through sentiment analysis of 2,358 collected Weibo
posts, we identified four representative points, i.e., policy initialization,
sharp sentiment change, lowest sentiment score, and policy termination, for an
in-depth discourse analysis through the lens of appraisal theory. In the end,
we reflected on the evolving public sentiments toward the Dynamic Zero-COVID
Policy and proposed implications for effective epidemic prevention and control
measures for future crises
Revealing two radio active galactic nuclei extremely near PSR J04374715
Newton's gravitational constant may vary with time at an extremely low
level. The time variability of will affect the orbital motion of a
millisecond pulsar in a binary system and cause a tiny difference between the
orbital period-dependent measurement of the kinematic distance and the direct
measurement of the annual parallax distance. PSR J04374715 is the nearest
millisecond pulsar and the brightest at radio. To explore the feasibility of
achieving a parallax distance accuracy of one light-year, comparable to the
recent timing result, with the technique of differential astrometry, we
searched for compact radio sources quite close to PSR J04374715. Using
existing data from the Very Large Array and the Australia Telescope Compact
Array, we detected two sources with flat spectra, relatively stable flux
densities of 0.9 and 1.0 mJy at 8.4 GHz and separations of 13 and 45 arcsec.
With a network consisting of the Long Baseline Array and the Kunming 40-m radio
telescope, we found that both sources have a point-like structure and a
brightness temperature of 10 K. According to these radio inputs and
the absence of counterparts in the other bands, we argue that they are most
likely the compact radio cores of extragalactic active galactic nuclei rather
than Galactic radio stars. The finding of these two radio active galactic
nuclei will enable us to achieve a sub-pc distance accuracy with the in-beam
phase-referencing very-long-baseline interferometric observations and provide
one of the most stringent constraints on the time variability of in the
near future.Comment: 9 pages, 3 tables, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
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