Production of sugar beet in Russian Federation: analysis and forecast

The article analyzes the dynamics of indicators characterizing the production of sugar beets in Russia. The Krasnodar region, the Penza region and the Russian Federation as a whole were chosen as the object of study, the sown areas, the gross harvest and the yield of sugar beet were chosen as the subject of the study, and the period from 2005 to 2022 was chosen as the time interval. At the first step of the work, a primary analysis of the studied dynamic series is carried out, which showed a stable growth of indicators with a maximum jump in 2010. Next, regressions are constructed that describe long-term trends in the development of processes, for which, in most cases, quadratic functions are chosen. The next step is modeling the cyclical component and developing multiplicative trend-seasonal models, the error of which was 7.4% -13.8%. As a result of the study, a forecast for the development of the industry for 2023-2024 is built

The assessment features of the third type permitted use land plots

The article deals with the problem of assessing agricultural land used for the placement of objects (buildings, structures, structures) used for the production, storage and primary processing of agricultural products. The problem is that the owner who has provided (sold) a land plot for an object can rightly claim a part of the future profit that arises from the synergistic effect of adding two assets - land and improvements. The work purpose is to formulate a methodology for assessing agricultural land located under buildings, taking into account the synergistic effect and their properties. In the course of the study, two approaches were considered for determining the entrepreneur's profit for the evaluated objects: first, on the basis of the economic results of the agricultural enterprises activities; secondly, on the basis of the invested funds alternative investment possibility. It was revealed that the owner of the land that will be built up, as a co-investor of the project, has the right to add to the value of the land in the amount of the rate of return on invested capital - 26.28%. The market (in this case, the cadastral) value of the surrounding land can be obtained from the results of the assessment of lands of the first type of use (arable land, pastures, hayfields)

Efficiency of using drones in agricultural production

The article deals with the issue of economic efficiency of the use of drones in agricultural production. There is an opinion about their inefficiency, which is refuted by the study. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the use of agricultural drones (using the example of U-30L-6 (BROUAV) in comparison with other technological options. The use of agricultural drones allows not only to reduce the cost of manufactured products, but also to increase crop yields by reducing losses during cultivation, as the number of passes of wheeled vehicles across the field during the growing season is reduced. Among the options considered (trailed sprayer, self-propelled sprayer, agrodrone), the use of copters took the second place in terms of production costs. But due to a decrease in the spraying rate and losses from trampling, the economic effect of using agricultural drones is the highest (3417.34 rubles/ha), which is more than twice as high as when using a self-propelled sprayer

Agrarian potential of personal subsidiary plots

The article discusses the methodology for assessing the personal subsidiary plots production potential. Comparison of the private household plots efficiency is an important problem that requires early solution. It is the most promising direction for optimizing state support and stimulating production. The study purpose is to determine the territories of the Samara region that most effectively use the personal subsidiary plots resources for the agricultural production. The production potential value was the highest in the private household plots of the Samara region southern zone. On average, 1122.2 thousand rubles per hectare fall to personal subsidiary farms in one district of this zone. The production potential value is 36% lower in the Central (719.4 thousand rubles/ha) and by 56% - in the Northern zone (493.0 thousand rubles/ha). The households of the Central natural-economic Zone most effectively use the production potential. The zonal average utilization rate value is 1.14. The available resources are used in the best way by the personal subsidiary plots of the Bezenchuksky district (Kp = 1.67), the worst - by the Sergievsky district (0.62). The considered methodology allows solving important problems - to assess the possibilities and the production real state in the private household plots sector

The Banking Sector Role in the Rural Territories Social Development

The article examines the features of banking services for the rural population on the example of the Samara region. The banking sector accumulates significant financial resources of the population, which can be directed to the service area development. In modern conditions, the collected funds are transferred to large cities, making rural areas even more depressed. The study purpose is to determine the features of banking services for the population in rural areas. Within the framework of this, the following tasks are being solved: - the banking services state is analysed on the example of the Kinelsky district of the Samara region; - problems specific to rural areas are identified; - measures are proposed to solve the problems of banking services in rural areas. On the example of the Kinelsky district, it can be seen that large financial resources (more than 500 million rubles) are being withdrawn from the district with the contributions of the rural population. At the same time in rural settlements, banking services are in an inadequate state: Sberbank branches are closed or switched to part-time work. There is a low degree of provision with banking terminals, and the standards for servicing the population are not observed. As a result, the state should more actively regulate the current situation, using economic mechanisms to solve the existing social problem

Comparative characteristics of world agricultural markets using contracting and state farm support development (Russian Agribusiness Case Study)

Theoretical and methodological aspects of direct and indirect methods of farm regulation are being discussed. One of the most important goals is regulation of the agro-industrial complex. The volume production was optimized under ecological and economic conditions of business development. All countries have been optimizing their farm policy to satisfy the requirements of the national internal standards. The state farm policy changes according to the requirements of the environmental sector of the business ecosystem. It also depends on marketing and distribution development taking an intermediate position between internal and external markets

Cadastral valuation of lands dedicated to perennial plantings: features and practice

The article considers the issue of cadastral valuation of agricultural lands used for perennial plantations (orchards). Unlike other agricultural crops, orchard crops occupy the land for a long period of time, therefore, the planting expenditures are capital. The purpose of the study is to define the features and adapt the existing methodology for cadastral valuation of lands occupied by orchards considering the actual return on the evaluated land plot and the distance factor that affects the increase in cost and decline in return depending on the location of the plot in relation to the main markets. The example (plots are located in the Bezenchugsky district of the Samara region) shows that the costs of orchard plots are 2.73 and 2.93 rubles per square meter, respectively. Quality characteristics of the first plot are better, but it is located further from the centre of the region

Simulation modeling in assessing the agricultural enterprise state in an emergency

The article proposes a methodology for assessing the sufficiency of financial resources in an emergency. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology based on the method of simulation modeling to assess the sufficiency of resources and the sustainability of an agricultural enterprise in the event of an emergency. This set of methods for assessing the availability of enterprise financial resources for overcoming emergencies was implemented using algorithms for simulation of enterprise financial flows and their assessment in the program for investment calculations Project Expert 7.19. The program allows you to build simulation models of an enterprise, regardless of their industry and specificity. With the help of this software complex, it is possible not only to build a simulation model of an enterprise, but also to carry out its statistical evaluation. Together with the proposed method of detailing the initial data of annual financial and economic documents, this set of methods is a powerful tool for building and evaluating simulation models of agricultural and other enterprises, taking into account fluctuations in cash flow values during the year. Thus, the accuracy of the estimates obtained is significantly increased in comparison with methods based on the analysis of relative indicators or coefficients

Production of sugar beet in Russian Federation: analysis and forecast

The article analyzes the dynamics of indicators characterizing the production of sugar beets in Russia. The Krasnodar region, the Penza region and the Russian Federation as a whole were chosen as the object of study, the sown areas, the gross harvest and the yield of sugar beet were chosen as the subject of the study, and the period from 2005 to 2022 was chosen as the time interval. At the first step of the work, a primary analysis of the studied dynamic series is carried out, which showed a stable growth of indicators with a maximum jump in 2010. Next, regressions are constructed that describe long-term trends in the development of processes, for which, in most cases, quadratic functions are chosen. The next step is modeling the cyclical component and developing multiplicative trend-seasonal models, the error of which was 7.4% -13.8%. As a result of the study, a forecast for the development of the industry for 2023-2024 is built

Seasonal Population Dynamics and Harmfulness of Wheat Thrips in Agrocenoses of Grain Crops

The purpose of the study was to identify forage plants and specialized entomophages of wheat thrips in agrocenoses of winter and spring grain crops cultivated in the Samara region. The highest number of adult pests was noted in winter wheat crops (2365.0 ind./100 strokes), the lowest in winter barley crops (565.0 ind./100 strokes). Egg laying by wheat thrip females occurred on all grain crops. Larvae of wheat thrips were noted in the ears of winter and spring wheat, triticale, and winter barley, with the exception of spring barley. During the research, two specialized entomophages were identified: striped thrips and predatory thrips. During the research years, the largest numbers of predatory thrips were noted in winter wheat crops in the earing phase (90 ind./100 strokes) and in spring wheat and spring barley crops in the booting phase—75 ind./100 strokes and 40 ind./100 strokes, respectively. The damage to winter wheat grain by wheat thrips varied from 55.3% to 69.2% and was higher than the damage to spring wheat grain (38.5–64%). With a certain ratio of specialized entomophages and wheat thrips, it is possible to refuse the use of insecticides in the cultivation of grain crops