Nonemptiness and Compactness of Solutions Set for Nondifferentiable Multiobjective Optimization Problems

A nondifferentiable multiobjective optimization problem with nonempty set constraints is considered, and the equivalence of weakly efficient solutions, the critical points for the nondifferentiable multiobjective optimization problems, and solutions for vector variational-like inequalities is established under some suitable conditions. Nonemptiness and compactness of the solutions set for the nondifferentiable multiobjective optimization problems are proved by using the FKKM theorem and a fixed-point theorem

Basic properties and exploitation strategies of source rock strata

Source rock strata are filled and aggregated with large-scale continuous hydrocarbon resources, including significant volumes of in-place retained, short-distance migrated and potentially generated hydrocarbons. Source rock strata simultaneously possess the properties of reservoirs and hydrocarbon source rocks, known as source-reservoir coexisting systems. Reservoir properties refer to the physical properties concerning the storage and transmission of oil and gas, while hydrocarbon source rock properties refer to the physicochemical properties related to governing the generation, retention and expulsion of oil and gas in the source rock strata. These properties fundamentally determine the technical path for the successful exploitation of petroleum and natural gas in the source rock strata. With regard to reservoir properties, in-depth research and development of the advanced energy-storing fracturing technology can aid the construction of complex fracture networks to overcome the limitations in the connectivity properties of source rock strata. Focusing on the hydrocarbon source rock properties, an underground in-situ conversion technology should be created and developed to alleviate the shortcomings of organic matter quantity and maturity properties of the source rock strata. Furthermore, selecting the appropriate exploitation path based on the property characteristics can promote the achievement of commercial and sustainable development of oil and gas in the source rock strata.Document Type: PerspectiveCited as: Yang, Z., Zou, C., Fan, Y., Wu, S., Liu, H., Wei, Q. Basic properties and exploitation strategies of source rock strata. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2023, 10(2): 77-83. https://doi.org/10.46690/ager.2023.11.0

Hexaaqua­manganese(II) bis­{[N-(3-meth­oxy-2-oxidobenzyl­idene)glycylglycinato]copper(II)} hexa­hydrate

The ligand N-(2-hydr­oxy-3-methoxy­benzyl­idene)glycylglycine (H3 L), a Schiff base derived from glycylglycine and 3-methoxy­salicylaldehyde, was used in the synthesis of a new organic–inorganic coordination complex, [Mn(H2O)6][Cu(C12H11N2O5)]2·6H2O. The MnII atom is located on an inversion center and is coordinated to six water mol­ecules in a slightly distorted octa­hedral geometry. The CuII atom is chelated by the tetra­dentate Schiff base ligand in a distorted CuN2O2 square-planar coordination. In the crystal structure, the complex [Mn(H2O)6]2+ cations and the [CuL]− anions are arranged in columns parallel to the a axis and are held together by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding. Additional hydrogen bonds of the same type further link the columns into a three-dimensional network