Boundary motion coupled with tensile and compressive deformation: TEM observation of twinning-like lattice reorientation in Mg micropillars

For magnesium and some other hexagonal-close-packed metals, twinning on the plane is a common mode of plastic deformation. Recently, we have used in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to monitor the deformation of submicron-sized single-crystal magnesium, in quantitative compression and tension tests (B-Y. Liu et al., Nature Commun. 2014). We have observed the reorientation of the parent lattice to a “twin” lattice, producing an orientational relationship akin to that of the conventional twinning. However, aberration-corrected TEM observations reveal that the boundary between the parent lattice and the “twin” lattice is composed of many segments of semi-coherent basal-prismatic (B-P) interfaces, instead of the twinning plane. Both TEM and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the migration of this boundary is accomplished by B-P interfaces undergoing basal-prismatic transformation, in addition to the migration of the boundary of the extension twin. This deformation mode mimics conventional deformation twinning, but is distinct from the latter. It is a form of boundary motion coupled to stresses, but produces plastic strain that is not simple shear. The basal-prismatic transformation appears to be important under deformation conditions when the availability and/or mobility of twinning dislocations/disconnections are limited. As such, this new twist in lattice reorientation accompanying deformation twinning enriches the known repertoire of plasticity mechanisms

Prediction of bone metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer based on machine learning

ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper was to develop a machine learning algorithm with good performance in predicting bone metastasis (BM) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and establish a simple web predictor based on the algorithm.MethodsPatients who diagnosed with NSCLC between 2010 and 2018 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database were involved. To increase the extensibility of the research, data of patients who first diagnosed with NSCLC at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between January 2007 and December 2016 were also included in this study. Independent risk factors for BM in NSCLC were screened by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. At this basis, we chose six commonly machine learning algorithms to build predictive models, including Logistic Regression (LR), Decision tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Naive Bayes classifiers (NBC) and eXtreme gradient boosting (XGB). Then, the best model was identified to build the web-predictor for predicting BM of NSCLC patients. Finally, area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were used to evaluate the performance of these models.ResultsA total of 50581 NSCLC patients were included in this study, and 5087(10.06%) of them developed BM. The sex, grade, laterality, histology, T stage, N stage, and chemotherapy were independent risk factors for NSCLC. Of these six models, the machine learning model built by the XGB algorithm performed best in both internal and external data setting validation, with AUC scores of 0.808 and 0.841, respectively. Then, the XGB algorithm was used to build a web predictor of BM from NSCLC.ConclusionThis study developed a web predictor based XGB algorithm for predicting the risk of BM in NSCLC patients, which may assist doctors for clinical decision makin

In vitro specific interactions revealed the infective characteristics of fungal endophytes to grapevine

In the present study a method for co-culture of fungal endophytic strains and grape cells was developed in order to study their interactions, and filter candidates for further safe inoculation in the vineyard. Analysis of morphological and physiological traits was performed by measuring the plant callus and fungal growth, plant cells viability, degree of cell oxidation and the scale of contact or its absence as reaction of the fungal endophyte to the presence of the plant callus. Accordingly, endophytic fungal strains (EFS) were classified on scale of invasion into categories (strong - medium - weak invasive), as well as the contact between the two partners (grow into - grow onto - contact - no contact) and the grape cell oxidation degree (normal (no oxidation) - light - moderate - serious). More included the dominance and distribution of EFS in the plant host, and correlation plots of physiological traits during plant callus and endophytic fungi co–culture were calculated

2-Meth­oxy­naphthalene-1,4-dione

The title compound, C11H8O3, was isolated from Impatiens balsamina plants (balsam, LIB) grown in our laboratory. The two six-membered rings of the naphthalene-1,4-dione unit are coplanar [maximum deviation = 0.009 (1) Å]. The O and C atoms of the meth­oxy substituent also lie close to the naphthalene plane, with deviations of 0.0090 (2) and 0.047 (2) Å, respectively

An Experimental Study on Botulinum Toxin Type A for the Treatment of Excessive Secretion after Submandibular Gland Transplantation in Rabbits

Objectives. To investigate whether botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) could control excessive secretion after submandibular gland (SMG) transplantation in rabbits and its possible mechanisms. Methods. A new SMG transplantation model was established in rabbit. 30 successfully constructed models were randomly assigned to five groups including control group and four experimental groups. Secretion outputs were used to analyze the effect of BTXA injection on excessive secretion. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Western blot, and immunofluorescence were performed to analyze its possible mechanisms. Results. After BTXA injection, a significant decrease of excessive secretion after SMG transplantation was found in 2 and 4 weeks groups, but no significant effect on 12 and 24 weeks groups. HE and TEM results showed that BTXA led to morphological and ultrastructural changes of acinar cells of transplanted SMG. Western blot results suggested that BTXA decreased the aquaporin-5 (AQP5) protein expression after BTXA injection for 2 and 4 weeks. Immunofluorescence results showed that AQP5 protein was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm after BTXA injection for 2 and 4 weeks, which might indicate that BTXA promoted AQP5 expression from the cell membrane to cytoplasm. Conclusion. BTXA could effectively control excessive secretion after SMG transplantation in rabbits

Radio pulsations from a neutron star within the gamma-ray binary LS I +61° 303

LS I +61° 303 is one of the rare gamma-ray binaries that emit most of their luminosity in photons with energies beyond 100 MeV (ref. ). It is well characterized—the ~26.5 day orbital period is clearly detected at many wavelengths—and other aspects of its multifrequency behaviour make it the most interesting example of its class. The morphology of high-resolution radio images changes with orbital phase, displaying a cometary tail pointing away from the high-mass star component and LS I +61° 303 also shows superorbital variability. A couple of energetic (~10 erg s), short, magnetar-like bursts have been plausibly ascribed to it. Although the phenomenology of LS I +61° 303 has been the subject of theoretical scrutiny for decades, there has been a lack of certainty regarding the nature of the compact object in the binary that has hampered our understanding of the source. Here, using observations with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope, we report the existence of transient radio pulsations from the direction of LS I +61° 303 with a period P = 269.15508 ± 0.00016 ms at a significance of >20σ. These pulsations strongly argue for the existence of a rotating neutron star within LS I +61° 303.This work made use of the data from FAST. FAST is a Chinese national mega-science facility, operated by National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences. We acknowledge the use of the ATNF Pulsar Catalogue. S.-S.W. and B.-J.W. thank Z. Pan for discussions on the FAST data analysis. S.-S.W. thanks Z.-X. Wang, S.-N. Zhang and K. Lee for many valuable discussions. J.L., D.F.T. and A.P. acknowledge discussions with the international team on ‘Understanding and unifying the gamma rays emitting scenarios in high mass and low mass X-ray binaries’ of the ISSI (International Space Science Institute), Beijing. We acknowledge support from National Key R&D programme of China grant numbers 2017YFA0402602 and 2021YFA0718500, National SKA Program of China grant numbers 2020SKA0120100 and 2020SKA0120201, National Natural Science Foundation of China grant numbers U2038103, 11733009, U2031205, U1938109 and 11873032, the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the CAS (grant id 2018075), the Chinese Academy of Sciences Presidential Fellowship Initiative 2021VMA0001, National Foreign Experts Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China grant number G2021200001L and the International Visiting Professorship programme of the University of Science and Technology of China grant number 2021BVR05. S.-S.W. acknowledges financial support from the Jiangsu Qing Lan Project. D.F.T. also acknowledges grants PID2021-124581OB-I00, PGC2018-095512-B-I00 and Spanish programme Unidad de Excelencia ‘María de Maeztu’ grant number CEX2020-001058-M. A.P. acknowledges financial support from the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) under grant agreement numbers ASI-INAF I/037/12/0 and ASI-INAF n.2017-14-H.0, from INAF ’Sostegno alla ricerca scientifica main streams dell’INAF’, Presidential Decree 43/2018 and from PHAROS COST Action number 16214