Mechanochemical Preparation of Nanocrystalline BaFCl Doped with Samarium in the 2+ Oxidation State

We report a facile mechanochemical preparation method for nanocrystalline BaFCl doped with samarium in the 2+ oxidation state by ball milling BaCl₂, BaF₂, and SmI₂ under a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting phosphors were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction; electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; and photoluminescence, photoexcitation, cathodoluminescence, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. This is the first report of a direct preparation method of Sm²⁺ doped alkaline earth fluorohalides at room temperature and points to a significant potential for the preparation of a wide range of related X-ray storage phosphors containing rare earth ions in divalent and trivalent cationic states by mechanochemical methods

Octupolar (<i>C</i>₃ and <i>S</i>₄) Symmetric Cyclized Indole Derivatives: Syntheses, Structures, and NLO Properties

Several cyclized indole derivatives have been synthesized, and their structures been determined. The <i>C</i>₃-symmetric single-chiral <i>N</i>-phenyltriindole (Tr-Ph3) crystallized in the <i>P</i>1 space group, and the <i>S</i>₄-symmetric saddle-like tetraindole (TTr) crystallized in the <i>I</i>4̅ space group. The Tr-Ph3 and TTr crystals exhibit remarkable powder SHG intensities 5 and 11 times that of KH₂PO₄ (KDP), respectively. TTr is a useful octupolar core to build <i>S</i>₄-symmetric molecules and crystals for second-NLO materials

Additional file 2: of Dietary patterns, BCMO1 polymorphisms, and primary lung cancer risk in a Han Chinese population: a case-control study in Southeast China

Table S2. Baseline characteristics by quartile (Q) of factor scores. (DOCX 33 kb

Ciliogenesis is reciprocally regulated by PPARA and NR1H4/FXR through controlling autophagy in vitro and in vivo

<p>The primary cilia are evolutionarily conserved microtubule-based cellular organelles that perceive metabolic status and thus link the sensory system to cellular signaling pathways. Therefore, ciliogenesis is thought to be tightly linked to autophagy, which is also regulated by nutrient-sensing transcription factors, such as PPARA (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha) and NR1H4/FXR (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4). However, the relationship between these factors and ciliogenesis has not been clearly demonstrated. Here, we present direct evidence for the involvement of macroautophagic/autophagic regulators in controlling ciliogenesis. We showed that activation of PPARA facilitated ciliogenesis independently of cellular nutritional states. Importantly, PPARA-induced ciliogenesis was mediated by controlling autophagy, since either pharmacological or genetic inactivation of autophagy significantly repressed ciliogenesis. Moreover, we showed that pharmacological activator of autophagy, rapamycin, recovered repressed ciliogenesis in <i>ppara⁻^/− </i> cells. Conversely, activation of NR1H4 repressed cilia formation, while knockdown of NR1H4 enhanced ciliogenesis by inducing autophagy. The reciprocal activities of PPARA and NR1H4 in regulating ciliogenesis were highlighted in a condition where de-repressed ciliogenesis by NR1H4 knockdown was further enhanced by PPARA activation. The in vivo roles of PPARA and NR1H4 in regulating ciliogenesis were examined in greater detail in <i>ppara⁻^/⁻ </i> mice. In response to starvation, ciliogenesis was facilitated in wild-type mice via enhanced autophagy in kidney, while <i>ppara⁻^/⁻ </i> mice displayed impaired autophagy and kidney damage resembling ciliopathy. Furthermore, an NR1H4 agonist exacerbated kidney damage associated with starvation in <i>ppara⁻^/⁻ </i> mice. These findings indicate a previously unknown role for PPARA and NR1H4 in regulating the autophagy-ciliogenesis axis in vivo.</p