A description of the transverse momentum distributions of charged particles produced in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies

By assuming the existing of memory effects and long-range interactions in the hot and dense matter produced in high energy heavy ion collisions, the nonextensive statistics together with the relativistic hydrodynamics including phase transition is used to discuss the transverse momentum distributions of charged particles produced in heavy ion collisions. It is shown that the combined contributions from nonextensive statistics and hydrodynamics can give a good description to the experimental data in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN )= 200 GeV and in Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt(s_NN) )= 2.76 TeV for pi^(+ -) , K^(+ -) in the whole measured transverse momentum region, and for p(p-bar) in the region of p_T<= 2.0 GeV/c. This is different from our previous work, where, by using the conventional statistics plus hydrodynamics, the describable region is only limited in p_T<= 1.1 GeV/c.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, 2 table

Excited Heavy Quarkonium Production at the LHC through WW-Boson Decays

Sizable amount of heavy-quarkonium events can be produced through $W$-boson decays at the LHC. Such channels will provide a suitable platform to study the heavy-quarkonium properties. The "improved trace technology", which disposes the amplitude ${\cal M}$ at the amplitude-level, is helpful for deriving compact analytical results for complex processes. As an important new application, in addition to the production of the lower-level Fock states $|(Q\bar{Q'})[1S]>$ and $|(Q\bar{Q'})[1P]>$, we make a further study on the production of higher-excited $|(Q\bar{Q'})>$-quarkonium Fock states $|(Q\bar{Q'})[2S]>$, $|(Q\bar{Q'})[3S]>$ and $|(Q\bar{Q'})[2P]>$. Here $|(Q\bar{Q'})>$ stands for the $|(c\bar{c})>$-charmonium, $|(c\bar{b})>$-quarkonium and $|(b\bar{b})>$-bottomonium respectively. We show that sizable amount of events for those higher-excited states can also be produced at the LHC. Therefore, we need to take them into consideration for a sound estimation.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures and 6 tables. Typo errors are corrected, more discussions and two new figures have been adde

(Benzene-1,3-dicarboxyl­ato-κ2 O 1,O 1′)(1,12,15,26-tetra­aza-5,8,19,22-tetra­oxa-3,4:9,10:17,18:23,24-tetra­benzocyclo­octa­cosane-κ4 N 1,N 12,N 15,N 26)cadmium(II) benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid solvate

In the title compound, [Cd(C8H4O4)(C36H44N4O4)]·C8H6O4, the CdII atom is six-coordinated by four N atoms from the macrocyclic ligand and two O atoms from a benzene-1,3-dicarboxyl­ate ligand. The complex mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a one-dimensional chain structure along the b axis. The chains are further connected through N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the complex mol­ecule and an uncoordinated benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid mol­ecule, resulting in a two-dimensional supra­molecular network

Optimized Design on the Width and Spacing of the Cross Passageway in Tunnels

AbstractCross passageways have been commonly applied in the evacuation system of tunnels, and the width and spacing of the cross passageways decide the evacuation capacity of the tunnel. In design, increasing the width of the cross passageways and reducing their spacing can improve the evacuation ability of tunnels. However, it will certainly increase the cost of the project. Under the precondition of meeting evacuation requirements, an optimization model was established in this article, which aimed at reducing the cost of the project. Finally, discussions on the application of this optimization model were carried on, and this method may provide reference for designing cross passageways

(+)-[1-(4-Methoxy­benz­yl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]diphenyl­methanol

The title compound, C25H27NO2, was obtained as the product of a Grignard reagent and an inter­mediate ester synthesized from L-(-)-proline. The asymmetric unit contains two independent mol­ecules, both of which feature an intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond. In one of the mol­ecules, the pyrrolidine ring is disordered over two orientations in a 0.63 (3):0.37 (3) ratio

Neuroprotective effects of bis(7)-tacrine against glutamate-induced retinal ganglion cells damage

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, primarily through N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, may be an important cause of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) death in glaucoma and several other retinal diseases. Bis(7)-tacrine is a noncompetitive NMDA receptors antagonist that can prevent glutamate-induced hippocampal neurons damage. We tested the effects of bis(7)-tacrine against glutamate-induced rat RGCs damage in vitro and in vivo.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In cultured neonatal rats RGCs, the MTT assay showed that glutamate induced a concentration- and time-dependent toxicity. Bis(7)-tacrine and memantine prevented glutamate-induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 0.028 μM and 0.834 μM, respectively. The anti-apoptosis effects of bis(7)-tacrine were confirmed by annexin V-FITC/PI staining. In vivo, TUNEL analysis and retrograde labeling analysis found that pretreatment with bis(7)-tacrine(0.2 mg/kg) induced a significant neuroprotective effect against glutamate-induced RGCs damage.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results showed that bis(7)-tacrine had neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced RGCs damage in vitro and in vivo, possibly through the drug's anti-NMDA receptor effects. These findings make bis(7)-tacrine potentially useful for treating a variety of ischemic or traumatic retinopathies inclusive of glaucoma.</p

1,1′-(4-Oxoheptane-1,7-di­yl)bis­(2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole) penta­hydrate

The title compound, C23H26N4O·5H2O, has noncrystallographic twofold rotation symmetry in the solid state. It crystallizes with five solvent water mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. Four of these water mol­ecules are connected with each other via hydrogen-bonding inter­actions to form two types of centrosymmetric hexa­meric (H2O)6 rings. Via edge sharing of the hexa­mers, the water clusters thus build infinite chains that stretch parallel to the a axis. The fifth water mol­ecule provides an additional connection between the two hexa­meric (H2O)6 units via hydrogen bonds to both rings. The water mol­ecules in the channels along the a axis are also bonded via O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds to the organic units, and face-to-face π–π inter­actions [with centroid-to-centroid distances of 3.656 (1) Å and average face-to-face distances of 3.431 (5) Å] between the aromatic rings of adjacent mol­ecules complete the inter­molecular inter­actions in this structure

Correlation between expression of p53, p21/WAF1, and MDM2 proteins and their prognostic significance in primary hepatocellular carcinoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tumor Protein p53 (p53), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21/WAF1), and murine double minute 2 (MDM2) participate in the regulation of cell growth. Altered expression of these gene products has been found in malignant tumors and has been associated with poor prognosis. Our aim was to investigate the expression of the 3 proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their prognostic significance.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We examined p53, p21/WAF1, and MDM2 expression in 181 pairs of HCC tissues and the adjacent hepatic tissues by performing immunohistochemistry and examined the expression of the 3 proteins in 7 pairs of HCC tissues and the adjacent hepatic tissues by using western blot analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The expression of p53, p21/WAF1, and MDM2 in the HCC tissues was significantly higher than those in the adjacent hepatic tissues (<it>P </it>< 0.05). A statistical correlation was observed between p53 and p21/WAF1 expression in HCC tissues (R = 0.195, <it>P </it>= 0.008). A statistical correlation was observed between expression of p53 and p21/WAF1 (R = 0.380, <it>P </it>= 0.000), p53 and MDM2 (R = 0.299, <it>P </it>= 0.000), p21/WAF1 and MDM2 (R = 0.285, <it>P </it>= 0.000) in 181 liver tissues adjacent to the tumor. Patients with a low pathologic grade HCC (I+II) had a higher tendency to express p53 on tumor cells than the patients with high pathologic grade HCC (III+IV) (<it>P </it>= 0.007). Survival analysis showed that positive p21/WAF1 expression or/and negative MDM2 expression in HCC was a predictor of better survival of patients after tumor resection (<it>P </it>< 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The proteins p53, p21/WAF1, and MDM2 were overexpressed in all the HCC cases in this study, and p53 and p21/WAF1 overexpression were positively correlated. The expression of p21/WAF1 and MDM2 can be considered as 2 useful indicators for predicting the prognosis of HCC.</p