94 research outputs found
Janus-graphene: a two-dimensional half-auxetic carbon allotropes with non-chemical Janus configuration
The asymmetric properties of Janus two-dimensional materials commonly depend
on chemical effects, such as different atoms, elements, material types, etc.
Herein, based on carbon gene recombination strategy, we identify an intrinsic
non-chemical Janus configuration in a novel purely sp hybridized carbon
monolayer, named as Janus-graphene. With the carbon gene of tetragonal,
hexagonal, and octagonal rings, the spontaneous unilateral growth of carbon
atoms drives the non-chemical Janus configuration in Janus-graphene, which is
totally different from the chemical effect in common Janus materials such as
MoSSe. A structure-independent half-auxetic behavior is mapped in
Janus-graphene that the structure maintains expansion whether stretched or
compressed, which lies in the key role of orbital. The unprecedented
half-auxeticity in Janus-graphene extends intrinsic auxeticity into pure sp
hybrid carbon configurations. With the unique half-auxeticity emerged in the
non-chemical Janus configuration, Janus-graphene enriches the functional carbon
family as a promising candidate for micro/nanoelectronic device applications
Superfolded configuration induced low thermal conductivity in two-dimensional carbon allotropes revealed via machine learning force constant potential
Understanding the fundamental link between structure and functionalization is
crucial for the design and optimization of functional materials, since
different structural configurations could trigger materials to demonstrate
diverse physical, chemical, and electronic properties. However, the correlation
between crystal structure and thermal conductivity (\k{appa}) remains
enigmatic. In this study, taking two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotropes as
study cases, we utilize phonon Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) along with
machine learning force constant potential to thoroughly explore the complex
folding structure of pure sp2 hybridized carbon materials from the perspective
of crystal structure, mode-level phonon resolved thermal transport, and atomic
interactions, with the goal of identifying the underlying relationship between
2D geometry and \k{appa}. We propose two potential structure evolution
mechanisms for targeted thermal transport properties: in-plane and out-of-plane
folding evolutions, which are generally applicable to 2D carbon allotropes. It
is revealed that the folded structure produces strong symmetry breaking, and
simultaneously produces exceptionally strongly suppressed phonon group
velocities, strong phonon-phonon scattering, and weak phonon hydrodynamics,
which ultimately lead to low \k{appa}. The insight into the folded effect of
atomic structures on thermal transport deepens our understanding of the
relationship between structure and functionalization, which offers
straightforward guidance for designing novel nanomaterials with targeted
\k{appa}, as well as propel developments in materials science and engineering
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The Role of Autophagy in Parkinson's Disease: Rotenone-Based Modeling
Background: Autophagy-mediated self-digestion of cytoplasmic inclusions may be protective against neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, excessive autophagic activation evokes autophagic programmed cell death. Methods: In this study, we aimed at exploring the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of rotenone-induced cellular and animal models for PD. Results: Reactive oxygen species over-generation, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction or apoptosis rate elevation occurred in a dose-dependent fashion in rotenone-treated human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. The time- and dose-dependent increases in autophagic marker microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3 (LC3) expression and decreases in autophagic adaptor protein P62 were observed in this cellular model. LC3-positive autophagic vacuoles were colocalized with alpha-synuclein-overexpressed aggregations. Moreover, the number of autophagic vacuoles was increased in rotenone-based PD models in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: These data, along with our previous finding showing rotenone-induced toxicity was prevented by the autophagy enhancers and was aggravated by the autophagy inhibitors in SH-SY5Y, suggest that autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of PD, attenuates the rotenone toxicity and possibly represents a new subcellular target for treating PD
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Glucocerebrosidase L444P Mutation Confers Genetic Risk for Parkinson’s Disease in Central China
Background: Mutations of the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene have reportedly been associated with Parkinson disease (PD) in various ethnic populations such as Singaporean, Japanese, Formosan, Canadian, American, Portuguese, Greek, Brazilian, British, Italian, Ashkenazi Jewish, southern and southwestern Chinese. The purpose of this study is to determine in central China whether or not the reported GBA mutations remain associated with PD. Methods: In this project, we conducted a controlled study in a cohort of 208 central Chinese PD patients and 298 controls for three known GBA mutations (L444P, N370S and R120W). Results: Our data reveals a significantly higher frequency of L444P mutation in GBA gene of PD cases (3.4%) compared with the controls (0.3%) (P = 0.007, OR = 10.34, 95% CI = 1.26 - 84.71). Specifically, the frequency of L444P mutation was higher in the late onset PD (LOPD) cases compared with that in control subjects. The N370S and R120W mutations were detected in neither the PD group nor the control subjects. Conclusions: Our observations demonstrated that the GBA L444P mutation confers genetic risk for PD, especially LOPD, among the population in the central China area
Differences and Commonalities in Responses of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii to High Salt and High Temperature Stress
Complete synthetic minimal media for Zygosaccharomyces rouxii growth were designed for high temperature (40 ℃, HTS) and high salt stress (18% NaCl, HSS) in this study, and the difference in the nutritional requirements of Z. rouxii cells under long-term adverse environmental conditions was analyzed. The differences in the metabolism and gene expression of organic acids, amino acids and sugars during the period from the growth adaptation stage to the early logarithmic stage were highlighted between HSS and HTS conditions. The results showed that Z. rouxii cells exposed to HSS needed more exogenous amino acids, vitamin and amino acid supplementation alleviated HTS-induced damage in yeast cells. The adversity transcription gene MSN4 and the hypertonic regulatory protein gene HOG1 responded to high salt, while the heat shock regulatory protein gene HSF1 and the superoxide dismutase gene SOD1 responded to high temperature. In summary, different strategies for organic acid, amino acid and sugar metabolism were adopted by Z. rouxii in response to HSS and HTS. This study deepens the understanding of the mechanism of temperature tolerance in salt-tolerant Z. rouxii, which will contribute to the development of new brewing yeast cells with tolerance to both high salt and temperature
A systematic bibliometric analysis on the clinical practice of CGM in diabetes mellitus from 2012 to 2022
BackgroundContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has revolutionized diabetes management, but a comprehensive analysis of its clinical implementation is lacking. This study aims to explore CGM in diabetes practice over the past decade using bibliometric analysis. It will identify trends, research focal points, and provide a framework for future investigations.Materials and methodsThe Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) was utilized to acquire literature pertaining to the employment of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in diabetes that was published between the years 2012 and 2022, and to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the associated citation data. To achieve bibliometric visualization and analysis of the collated data, the bibliography package in the Rstudio(v.4.2.2), Citespace 6.2.R4, and VOS viewer were employed.ResultsA total of 3024 eligible publications were extracted from 91 countries, with the United States being the leading country in terms of the number of issued articles. Furthermore, the annual publication rate has shown a gradual increase during the past decade. Among the various journals in this field, DIABETES TECHNOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS was identified as the most highly cited one. Keyword clustering analysis of the extracted publications indicates that the research hotspots in the past decade have primarily focused on “continuous glucose monitoring”, “glycemic variability”, “type 1 diabetes”, “hypoglycemia”, and “glycemic control”. Moreover, the analysis of keyword emergence reveals that “Time In Range” and “Young Adult” represent the current research frontiers for the years 2012-2022.ConclusionThe concept of Time in Range (TIR) has garnered considerable attention as a significant area of inquiry and an emerging research trend in the clinical practice of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) for Diabetes Mellitus. Moreover, recent investigations have demonstrated a growing focus on young adults with type 1 diabetes as the research population of interest. In the foreseeable future, research endeavors will persist in the pursuit of improving glycemic management among young adults through the utilization of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology, while also delving into the examination of the Time in Range metric via supplementary clinical investigations
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E1A-engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells as carriers and amplifiers for adenovirus suppress hepatocarcinoma in mice
Gene therapy is an attractive approach for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Nevertheless, efficient transgene delivery remains a challenge. In this study, we explored a new targeted system based on human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs), which were engineered to deliver adenovirus to tumor sites, and to replicate and assemble into new adenovirus against HCC. Our results showed that HUMSCs infected by Ad-hTERTp-IL24 followed by LentiR.E1A infection could specifically migrate to HepG2 tumor cells and support adenoviral replication in vitro and in vivo 36 h after LentiR.E1A infection. Ad-hTERTp-IL24 specifically inhibited HepG2 cells growth, and this inhibitory effect was enhanced by low doses of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), because the expression levels of coxsackie adenovirus receptor (CAR) and integrin ανβ3 on tumor cells were significantly increased, causing higher viral uptake. Compared with the no treatment groups, Ad-hTERTp-IL24 and LentiR.E1A co-loaded HUMSCs exhibited significant anti-tumor activity in vivo, particularly in combination with low doses of 5-Fu. In summary, this study provides a promising targeted gene therapeutic strategy dependent on the tumor tropism of HUMSCs, to improve the outcome of virotherapy for tumor patients especially those with metastatic diseases
A study of factors influencing long-term glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes: a structural equation modeling approach
AimThe present study aims to utilize structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the factors impacting long-term glycemic variability among patients afflicted with type 2 diabetes.MethodThe present investigation is a retrospective cohort study that involved the collection of data on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who received care at a hospital located in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, over a period spanning from January 1, 2013, to October 30, 2022. Inclusion criteria required patients to have had at least three laboratory test results available. Pertinent patient-related information encompassing general demographic characteristics and biochemical indicators was gathered. Variability in the dataset was defined by standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV), with glycosylated hemoglobin variation also considering variability score (HVS). Linear regression analysis was employed to establish the structural equation models for statistically significant influences on long-term glycemic variability. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze effects and pathways.ResultsDiabetes outpatient special disease management, uric acid variability, mean triglyceride levels, mean total cholesterol levels, total cholesterol variability, LDL variability, baseline glycated hemoglobin, and recent glycated hemoglobin were identified as significant factors influencing long-term glycemic variability. The overall fit of the structural equation model was found to be satisfactory and it was able to capture the relationship between outpatient special disease management, biochemical indicators, and glycated hemoglobin variability. According to the total effect statistics, baseline glycated hemoglobin and total cholesterol levels exhibited the strongest impact on glycated hemoglobin variability.ConclusionThe factors that have a significant impact on the variation of glycosylated hemoglobin include glycosylated hemoglobin itself, lipids, uric acid, and outpatient special disease management for diabetes. The identification and management of these associated factors can potentially mitigate long-term glycemic variability, thereby delaying the onset of complications and enhancing patients’ quality of life
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