Die analyse eines mathematischen Modells und der Regressionsgleichung für die berechnung inerziäller Parameter von Körperteilen in jungen Chinesinnen

Objective: In this study a mathematical model was set up for calculating the inertial parameters of body segments in young Chinese female students. Methods: On the sample of 50 young Chinese women the inertial parameters, mass and mass center of body segments, were determined by using the Computed Tomography – Digital Image Processing (CT-DIP) method. Results: A 16-segment mathematical model of young Chinese women was set up and a binary regression equation for inertial parameters of body segments calculation was established, in which body weight and stature were treated as independent variables. Conclusion: The study provided a method for a simple calculation of mass, mass centre and moment of inertia both of the segments and of the total body in the population of young Chinese womenUvod Od samih početaka proučavanja čovječjeg kretanja, koncept fizikalnog modeliranja tijela bio je imanentan tim istraživanjima. Braune i Fischer, Hanavan, Hatze, Delp – autori su koji su obilježili razvoj modeliranja ljudskog tijela s primjenama u kineziologiji. Ovaj rad temelji se na pristupu Millerove i Nelsona, odnosno Zatsiorskyog i Seluyanova. Cilj je bio odrediti i analizirati inercijske podatke tijela mladih kineskih žena. Metode Uzorak je obuhvatio 50 žena, studentica, u dobi od 18 do 23 godine. Uporabljena je metoda Computed Tomography – Digital Image Processing (CT-DIP) za analizu 16 segmenata tijela. Na temelju razine sive boje i gustoće svake strukture i tkiva u slikama tih segmenata, inercijski parametri segmenata izracunati su metodom konačnih jedinica. Na kraju su procijenjeni masa, središte mase i moment inercije segmenta. Matematički model je opisan kao n-segmentni sustav s više stupnjeva slobode na spojevima segmenata. To je sustav sastavljen od niza pretpostavljeno homogenih krutih tijela jednostavnih geometrijskih oblika koji su spojeni u zglobovima, a na temelju Hanavanova koncepta 16-segmentnog sustava. Utvrđena je binarna regresijska jednadžba kojom se može izračunati masa, središte mase i moment inercije tjelesnih segmenata. Tjelesna masa i visina korištene su kao nezavisne varijable. Rezultati Prikazani su prosječni podaci za masu, središte mase i moment inercije segmenta i cijelog tijela izračunati metodom CT-DIP. Prikazani su kompletni rezultati dizajna 16- segmentnog modela tijela i inercijalni parametri izračunati binarnom regresijskom jednadžbom. Rasprava Uporabom balansne ploče i metode CT-DIP određeni su i uspoređeni inercijski podaci tijela. Pored standardnih nalaza, autori konstatiraju da ovakav pristup odražava različite karakteristike različitih ljudskih rasa. U okviru evaluacije binarne regresijske jednadžbe najveće diskrepancije u rezultatima pojavile su se u rezultatima za šake i stopala. Međutim, te diskrepancije nisu ozbiljnije utjecale na izračune jer su njihovi momenti bili izuzetno maleni u usporedbi s onima ostalih segmenata. U usporedbi izračunatih vrijednosti i onih dobivenih na balansnoj platformi najveća apsolutna varijanca mase cijeloga tijela iznosila je 3.01 kg, najveća relativna varijacija 3.88%, najveća apsolutna varijanca središta mase cijelog tijela 3.78 cm i najveća relativna varijacija 3.75%. Zaključak Provedena studija pokazala je da je pristup matematičkim modeliranjem dobro prilagođen populaciji mladih kineskih žena. Binarna regresijska jednadžba pokazala se jednostavnim, a vrijednim sredstvom u primjeni tog postupka. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja da bi se povećala pouzdanost zaključaka.Ziel: In dieser Studie wurde ein mathematisches Modell für die Berechunng inerziäller Parameter von Hörperteilen in jungen Chinesinnen gestaltet. Methoden: Inerziälle Parameter, die Masse und das Massenzentrum von Hörperteilen wurden bei 50 jungen Chinesinnen mittels der Digitalen Bildbearbeitungsmethode (Digital Image Processing – DIP) bestimmt. Ergebnisse: 16-teiliges mathematisches Modell von jungen Chinesinnen wurde gestaltet zusammen mit der binären Regressionsgleichung für die Berechnung von inerziällen Parametern des Hörpergewichts und der Hörperteile. Hörpergewicht und Statur wurden als unabhängige Variablen betrachtet. Schlussfolgerung: Das Resultat dieser Analyse war die Gestaltung einer Methode für die einfache Berechnung von Masse, Massenzentrum und Inerzmoment einzelner Hörperteile und des ganzen Hörpers bei jungen Chinesinnen

Observation of room-temperature ferroelectricity in elemental Te nanowires

Ferroelectrics are essential in low-dimensional memory devices for multi-bit storage and high-density integration. A polar structure is a necessary premise for ferroelectricity, mainly existing in compounds. However, it is usually rare in elemental materials, causing a lack of spontaneous electric polarization. Here, we report an unexpected room-temperature ferroelectricity in few-chain Te nanowires. Out-of-plane ferroelectric loops and domain reversal are observed by piezoresponse force microscopy. Through density functional theory, we attribute the ferroelectricity to the ion-displacement created by the interlayer interaction between lone pair electrons. Ferroelectric polarization can induce a strong field effect on the transport along the Te chain, supporting a self-gated field-effect transistor. It enables a nonvolatile memory with high in-plane mobility, zero supply voltage, multilevel resistive states, and a high on/off ratio. Our work provides new opportunities for elemental ferroelectrics with polar structures and paves a way towards applications such as low-power dissipation electronics and computing-in-memory devices

Case report: Effectiveness of sirolimus in a de novo FAS mutation leading to autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome-FAS and elevated DNT/Treg ratio

BackgroundThe autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a rare disease characterized by defective function of the FAS death receptor, which results in chronic, non-malignant lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity accompanied by elevated numbers of double-negative (DN) T cells (T-cell receptor α/β + CD4–CD8–) and an increased risk of developing malignancies later in life.Case descriptionHere, we report a patient with a de novo FAS mutation with a severe phenotype of ALPS-FAS. The FAS gene identified as a novel spontaneous germline heterozygous missense mutation (c.857G > A, p.G286E) in exon 9, causing an amino acid exchange and difference in hydrogen bond formation. Consequently, the treatment with sirolimus was initiated. Subsequently, the patient’s clinical condition improved rapidly. Moreover, DNT ratio continuously decreased during sirolimus application.ConclusionWe described a novel germline FAS mutation (c.857G > A, p.G286E) associated with a severe clinical phenotype of ALPS-FAS. Sirolimus effectively improved the patient clinical manifestations with obvious reduction of the DNT ratio

Analysis of cognitive function and its related factors after treatment in Meniere’s disease

A growing body of research recently suggested the association between vestibular dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Meniere’s disease (MD), a common clinical vestibular disorder, is usually accompanied by hearing loss and emotional stress, both of which may mediate the relationship between vestibule dysfunction and cognition. It is currently unknown whether the cognitive decline in MD patients could improve through treatment and how it relates to multiple clinical characteristics, particularly the severity of vertigo. Therefore, in the present study, the MD patients were followed up for 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment, and the cognitive functions, vertigo symptoms, and related physical, functional, and emotional effects of the patients were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), aiming to explore the change in cognition before and after therapy and the correlation with various clinical features. It was found that cognitive decline in MD patients compared to healthy controls before therapy. Importantly, this cognitive impairment could improve after effective therapy, which was related to the severity of vertigo, especially in functional and physical impacts. Our results support the view that vestibular dysfunction is a potentially modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline

A Chinese SCA36 pedigree analysis of NOP56 expansion region based on long-read sequencing

Introduction: Spinocerebellar ataxias 36 (SCA36) is the neurodegenerative disease caused by the GGCCTG Hexanucleotide repeat expansions in NOP56, which is too long to sequence using short-read sequencing. Single molecule real time (SMRT) sequencing can sequence across disease-causing repeat expansion. We report the first long-read sequencing data across the expansion region in SCA36.Methods: We collected and described the clinical manifestations and imaging features of Han Chinese pedigree with three generations of SCA36. Also, we focused on structural variation analysis for intron 1 of the NOP56 gene by SMRT sequencing in the assembled genome.Results: The main clinical features of this pedigree are late-onset ataxia symptoms, with a presymptomatic presence of affective and sleep disorders. In addition, the results of SMRT sequencing showed the specific repeat expansion region and demonstrated that the region was not composed of single GGCCTG hexanucleotides and there were random interruptions.Discussion: We extended the phenotypic spectrum of SCA36. We applied SMRT sequencing to reveal the correlation between genotype and phenotype of SCA36. Our findings indicated that long-read sequencing is well suited to characterize known repeat expansion