Cylindrical nano-indentation on metal film/elastic substrate system with discrete dislocation plasticity analysis: A simple model for nano-indentation size effect

AbstractThe cylindrical nano-indentation on metal film/elastic substrate is computationally studied using two-dimensional discrete dislocation plasticity combined with the commercial software ANSYS®, with a focus on the storage volume for geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) inside the films and the nano-indentation size effect (NISE). Our calculations show that almost all GNDs are stored in a rectangular area determined by the film thickness and the actual contact width. The variations of indentation contact width with indentation depth for various film thicknesses and indenter radii are fitted by an exponential relation, and then the GND density underneath the indenter is estimated. Based on the Taylor dislocation model and Tabor formula, a simple model for the dependence of the nano-indentation hardness of the film/substrate system on the indentation depth, the indenter radius and the film thickness is established, showing a good agreement with the present numerical results

Piperidinium 3-carb­oxy-4-hydroxy­benzene­sulfonate monohydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C5H12N+·C7H5O6S−·H2O, contains a piperidinium cation, one 3-carb­oxy-4-hydroxy­benzene­sulfonate anion and one water mol­ecule. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O, O—H⋯S and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded framework

Influence of Cutter Errors on Forming Accurate Variable Hyperbolic Circular Arc Tooth Trace Cylindrical Gears

The cutter error is an important factor in the accurate forming of the variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth trace (VH-CATT) cylindrical gears. Also, the study of the relationship between the cutter error and the forming of accurate teeth is beneficial for the gear modification design and the improvement in contact performance. Firstly, based on the principle of forming VH-CATT cylindrical gears, the sources of error in the tooth forming related to accuracy were analysed, including the errors in the cutter position and the cutter geometry, such as the error of rotation around the x-axis g, the error of rotation around the y-axis b, the error of translation along the x-axis Δx, the error of translation along the y-axis Δy, the error of translation along the z-axis Δz, the pressure angle error Δa and the tooth line radius error ΔRT. Next, based on the meshing theory and processing, an ideal tooth surface equation and a tooth surface equation with cutter errors were derived, and the tooth surface reconstruction was done. Then, the gear tooth thickness error was defined to characterize the accuracy of gear forming. Finally, the influences of the cutter error on the tooth thickness error and gear contact were investigated. The study shows that all cutter errors have certain influence on the tooth thickness error, contact area and load distribution; Δx has basically no effect on the gear tooth thickness error; Δx and g make the actual meshing point deviate from the middle section. The study content and the applied methods are helpful in the tooth surface error traceability, the counter-adjustment of the tooth surface processing and the modification design. This study provides also a basis for gear design and load-bearing contact analysis

Green physical activity for leisure connects perceived residential greenspace and mental well-being

Physical activity serves as a pivotal mediator in previous theoretical frameworks that link greenspace and human health. However, it remains unclear whether the domain of physical activity within and around greenspaces can alter the pathway. The present study recruited 668 participants online and examined a conceptual framework that explores the associations between residential greenspace and mental well-being, with a particular focus on the mediation effect of green physical activity (physical activity undertaken in and around greenspaces). Moreover, socio-demographic characteristics, including gender, age, household income, education status, marital status, and student status, were controlled for during the examination. The investigated green physical activities included leisure activities, transportation walking, and transportation cycling, and they were measured by a pre-established questionnaire. Meanwhile, mental well-being was measured by the WHO-5 well-being index, and residential greenspace was indicated by self-reported perceived greenspace and mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values within 500 meters (m) of residential radius. We found that both perceived greenspace (B = 1.852, p < 0.001) and NDVI 500 m (B = 3.230, p = 0.038) were positively associated with mental well-being. However, only perceived greenspace, not NDVI 500 m, exhibited positive associations with the three green physical activity items. Furthermore, only green physical activity for leisure (B = 0.223, p < 0.001), not for transportation (p > 0.05), mediated the relationship between perceived greenspace and mental well-being. Our findings reinforce previous studies on “greenspace-health” frameworks and underline the importance of leisure physical activity in promoting mental well-being

What is hindering Chinese women from participating in combat sports?

With the awakening of female consciousness, women's participation in sports has gradually gained autonomy and agency. However, Chinese women still face numerous restrictions in combat sports, hindering the development of this industry. Based on years of practice and research experience in the field, we summarize some general and specific issues, such as stigmatization and the constraints of traditional Chinese thinking. These issues need attention and consideration in the pursuit of gender equality in sports in the future

Seaweed polysaccharide relieves hexavalent chromium-induced gut microbial homeostasis

Heavy metals released in the environment pose a huge threat to soil and water quality, food safety and public health. Additionally, humans and other mammals may also be directly exposed to heavy metals or exposed to heavy metals through the food chain, which seriously threatens the health of animals and humans. Chromium, especially hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)], as a common heavy metal, has been shown to cause serious environmental pollution as well as intestinal damage. Thus, increasing research is devoted to finding drugs to mitigate the negative health effects of hexavalent chromium exposure. Seaweed polysaccharides have been demonstrated to have many pharmacological effects, but whether it can alleviate gut microbial dysbiosis caused by hexavalent chromium exposure has not been well characterized. Here, we hypothesized that seaweed polysaccharides could alleviate hexavalent chromium exposure-induced poor health in mice. Mice in Cr and seaweed polysaccharide treatment group was compulsively receive K2Cr2O7. At the end of the experiment, all mice were euthanized, and colon contents were collected for DNA sequencing analysis. Results showed that seaweed polysaccharide administration can restore the gut microbial dysbiosis and the reduction of gut microbial diversity caused by hexavalent chromium exposure in mice. Hexavalent chromium exposure also caused significant changes in the gut microbial composition of mice, including an increase in some pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria. However, seaweed polysaccharides administration could ameliorate the composition of gut microbiota. In conclusion, this study showed that seaweed polysaccharides can restore the negative effects of hexavalent chromium exposure in mice, including gut microbial dysbiosis. Meanwhile, this research also lays the foundation for the application of seaweed polysaccharides