An evaluation of lane management strategy for CAV priority in mixed traffic

Abstract The emergence of connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) has the potential to dramatically increase road capacity, and the provision of dedicated lanes for CAVs is a common management strategy to ensure that CAVs take appropriate priority over other vehicles. However, existing models of CAV lane management do not perform well at low CAV market penetration rates. Therefore, a novel model is proposed to address this shortcoming in this paper, and qualified human‐driven vehicles (HDVs) are allowed to enter the CAV priority lane when there is a low CAV penetration rate. A theoretical model is proposed to examine the impacts of three managed lane strategies under mixed traffic and then compare three lane management strategies under different CAV penetration rates and traffic demands. The results show that these lane management strategies can improve throughput, reduce travel time, increase speed, and reduce the variance of the distribution of vehicle speeds under different penetration rates and traffic demands

Study on tillering stage cold tolerant response in overwintering cultivated rice via comparative transcriptomic

Abstract Rice adaptation to low temperatures involves changes in their genetic and physiological architecture, caused by complex and variable transcriptional regulatory networks to regulate between growth and stress resistance. Overwintering rice survives cold winter and germinates the following spring. The perennial and cold‐tolerant properties present great potential regarding rice breeding and food security. In this study, the cold‐tolerant overwintering cultivar rice, “glutinous rice 89‐1” (Gr 89‐1), and an indica cultivar rice, “R07,” were placed at 4°C at the tillering stage and sampled at 0, 12, 24, and 96 h, and recovery 7 days. Physiological indicators of each sample were measured, and transcriptome analysis was performed. The results revealed that the overwintering cultivar rice Gr 89‐1 exhibited a pattern of physiological parameters consistent with the cold‐tolerant phenotype, less membrane damage accumulation and water loss with increasing duration of low temperature, and a stable increase in peroxidase activities, catalase activities, and soluble sugar content. Transcriptome analysis of two cultivars at 0, 12, and 24 h under 4°C revealed different gene expression patterns to low temperatures. Compared with R07, gene ontology terms of nuclear lumen, endomembrane system, organelle membrane, and envelope were enriched in Gr 89‐1, suggesting an alteration of membrane composition during cold acclimation. Specific upregulated transcription factors and cold‐tolerance regulators indicated a coordinated response between signal transduction, energy regulation, cell cycle, and circadian rhythm, which might help maintain cell homeostasis and improve Gr 89‐1 survival under cold stress. Two candidate genes OsETR3 and NAC78 were screened out, they significantly upregulated at 12 and 24 h of cold treatment in Gr 89‐1 and were higher than R07, and they were involved in cell wall remodeling and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis under stress, respectively, which may relate to the cold‐tolerant trait of Gr 89‐1