Experimental study on working capacity of carbon canister based on Euro VI

In order to study the gasoline working capacity and durability of the carbon canister, the gasoline working capacity test of the carbon canister was conducted under different test conditions. The results showed that the gasoline working capacity of the canister carbon decreased with the increase of fuel vapor loading rate. The fuel vapor volume ratio of the inlet has little effect on the gasoline working capacity. After 300 gasoline working capacity test cycles, the working capacity of butane decreased by about 20%. The fuel vapor adsorption amount in first cycle of each carbon canister is far greater than the desorption amount in first cycle, and also far greater than the adsorption and desorption amount in the subsequent cycles, which indicated that a large amount of fuel vapor occupied the active sites after the first use of the carbon canister and cannot desorb

Sol-gel Synthesis of TiO2 With p-Type Response to Hydrogen Gas at Elevated Temperature

Titanium dioxide is considered as one of the potential candidates for high-temperature gas sensing applications due to its excellent sensitivity and stability. However, its practical use as a gas sensor under elevated conditions is limited on account of its selectivity and insufficient understanding of response conversion from n- to p-type. To this context, the present work is intended to prepare and understand the p-type response of anatase TiO2 toward H2 gas (20–1,000 ppm) at elevated temperature (500°C). Sol-gel route is adopted to facilely synthesize powders containing pure and chromium (1–10 at.%) doped TiO2 nanoparticles, which are then brushed onto substrates with already patterned inter-digitated platinum electrodes. In this work, even, the undoped TiO2 samples showed p-type gas sensing response, which then decreased with Cr doping. However, in comparison to previously reported work, the sensing characteristics of all sensors is improved. For instance, 5 at.% Cr-TiO2 showed high response (147), fast response and recovery (142/123s) time, and good selectivity to hydrogen against monoxide and methane. Despite better response values, the TiO2 based samples show instability and drift in baseline resistance; such issues were not observed for Cr-doped TiO2 samples (≥3 at.%). The powders were further analyzed by XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS to understand the basic characteristics, p-type response and stability. Further, a plausible sensing mechanism is discussed on basis of results obtained from aforementioned techniques

Electrochemical Performance and Conductivity of N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Annealed under Various Temperatures as Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) are obtained using a post-treatment method under different sintering temperatures. The catalysts can be removed from the Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) within an acid treatment process. Then, the purified CNTs can be employed as a nitrogen doping basis. This research adds melamine as a nitrogen source during the sintering procedure under different temperatures to achieve NCNTs, which are applied to the cathodes. LiMn2O4 (LMO) cathode slurries are prepared using pristine CNTs and NCNTs samples as conductive additives. Coin cell lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are fabricated using slurry samples. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopical analysis shows the nitrogen doping degree is up to 5 atom%, and graphitic-N nitrogen groups are the dominating species present on the NCNT’s surface while being treated at 800 °C. Graphitic-N nitrogen groups improve the conductivity and surface area of the NCNTs, which increases the rate capacity (106.8 mA h g−1 at 5 C) and cyclic retention (92.45% of initial capacity after 200 cycles at 5 C) of the lithium-ion batteries. The morphology of the NCNTs, the concentration of NCNTs elements, and the electrochemical performances of coin cell batteries are extensively discussed

Electrochemical Performance and Conductivity of N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Annealed under Various Temperatures as Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) are obtained using a post-treatment method under different sintering temperatures. The catalysts can be removed from the Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) within an acid treatment process. Then, the purified CNTs can be employed as a nitrogen doping basis. This research adds melamine as a nitrogen source during the sintering procedure under different temperatures to achieve NCNTs, which are applied to the cathodes. LiMn2O4 (LMO) cathode slurries are prepared using pristine CNTs and NCNTs samples as conductive additives. Coin cell lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are fabricated using slurry samples. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopical analysis shows the nitrogen doping degree is up to 5 atom%, and graphitic-N nitrogen groups are the dominating species present on the NCNT’s surface while being treated at 800 °C. Graphitic-N nitrogen groups improve the conductivity and surface area of the NCNTs, which increases the rate capacity (106.8 mA h g−1 at 5 C) and cyclic retention (92.45% of initial capacity after 200 cycles at 5 C) of the lithium-ion batteries. The morphology of the NCNTs, the concentration of NCNTs elements, and the electrochemical performances of coin cell batteries are extensively discussed

The research of the inspection and maintenance program and its implementation

Based on the research and comparison of the main contents and measurement methods for the inspection and Maintenance Program in the United States, the European Union, and China, and the analysis of the OBD inspection in China, it is found that the in-use vehicle measurement method in our country has covered the mainstream measurement methods, however, the overall system design still lacks corresponding standards and technical support for maintenance and closed-loop supervision, the cause of the OBD inspection failure is concentrated the malfunction of the oxygen sensor and three-way catalytic converter

High-Temperature-Annealed Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as High-Performance Conductive Agents for LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ Lithium-Ion Batteries

In this work, the high yield of MWNTs was prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, followed by annealing at 2000–2800 °C, and the effects of high annealing temperature on metal impurities and defects in multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) was explored. Furthermore, the annealed MWNTs were dispersed using a sand mill to make a conductive slurry, and finally the cathode LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 was added to the assembled batteries, and the application of MWNTs (slurry) as conductive agents in LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM) cathode materials by sand-mill dispersion on the performance of lithium-ion batteries was investigated. The results indicate that high temperature annealing can effectively remove the residual metal impurities from MWNTs and the defects in MWNTs gradually decreases as the temperature rises. In addition, 2 wt% of MWNTs (slurry) in LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 is sufficient to form an electronically conductive network; as a result, the electronic conductivity and the high rates performance of the LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 batteries were greatly improved. The LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 battery with MWNTs slurries annealed at 2200 ℃ as a conductive additive displays the highest initial discharge capacity of 173.16 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 C. In addition, after 100 cycles, a capacity retention of 95.8% at 0.5 C and a discharge capacity of 121.75 mAh·g−1 at 5 C were observed. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes used as conductive agents in LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM) cathode materials show excellent battery behaviors, which would provide a new insight for the development of high-performance novel conductive agents in lithium-ion batteries

Pulmonary and clinical outcomes of patients with severe rigid scoliosis and type I respiratory failure treated with halo-pelvic distraction

Abstract Background The severe rigid scoliosis patients with type I respiratory failure could not tolerate complicated corrective surgery. Preoperative halo-pelvic distraction (HPD) is used to reduce the curve magnitude and improve the pulmonary function before surgery. The present study aimed to retrospectively analyze the pulmonary and clinical outcomes of preoperative HPD in severe rigid spinal deformity with type I respiratory failure. Methods Eighteen cases of severe rigid scoliosis and type I respiratory failure treated with preoperative HPD and corrective surgery for spinal deformity between 2016 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, major coronal curve and kyphosis, correction rates, heights, pulmonary function, distraction time, and postoperative neurological complications were recorded for all cases. Results The averaged duration of distraction was 9.1 ± 2.3 months. The coronal curve was corrected from 168° ± 14° to 58° ± 11° at the end of HPD. The kyphosis curve reduced from 151° ± 29° to 65° ± 10°. Meanwhile, the mean stand body height increased by 23.9 ± 5.3 cm. Significantly increased mean FVC (1.52 ± 0.43 L vs. 0.95 ± 0.44 L) and improved percent-predicted values for FVC (37 ± 10% vs. 23 ± 9%) were observed after HPD. The pressure of oxygen (PaO2) increased from 54.5 ± 2.0 to 84.8 ± 4.7 mmHg. Scoliosis and kyphosis curve, respectively, averaged 48 ± 8°and 30 ± 14° after final fusion and instrumentation, with a mean correction of 71% and 80%, respectively. No severe complication occurred during the distraction. Conclusions HPD may be useful for severe rigid scoliosis patients with type I respiratory failure. Pulmonary functions in patients with severe rigid scoliosis can be significantly improved by HPD. They are then better able to tolerate complicated corrective surgery

Analysis of Formation Mechanism of Slightly Inclined Bedding Mudstone Landslide in Coal Mining Subsidence Area Based on Finite–Discrete Element Method

In this paper, the formation mechanism of a slightly inclined bedding mudstone landslide in the overlying mountain of the coal mining subsidence area of the Tanshan Coal Mine in Ningxia, China, is studied. By means of geotechnical investigation, indoor geotechnical tests, theoretical analysis and other technical means, we find the geological environment background of the study area and obtain the physical and mechanical property indexes of the mining landslide in the Tanshan Coal Mine. By combining the numerical simulation of discrete elements and finite elements, the macro deformation and failure law of the mining mudstone landslide and the displacement and stress nephogram of the failure process are discussed. The results show that the slightly inclined bedding mudstone landslide in the Tanshan Coal Mine is 850 m long from east to west, 500 m wide from north to south and 10,875,000 m3 in volume. It is composed of Jurassic mudstone and is a traction landslide caused by the coal mining subsidence area. The formation of the landslide is affected by internal factors and inducing factors. The internal factors are mainly geotechnical types and engineering geological properties, and the inducing factors are mainly coal mining activities and rainfall. By analyzing and summarizing the calculation process of the slope model prior to the landslide in 2D-Block and GeoStudio numerical simulation software, the sliding process of the slightly inclined bedding mudstone landslide in the Tanshan Coal Mine is divided into four stages: slope creep, slope deformation, landslide movement and landslide accumulation. GeoStudio software is used to calculate the stability of the Tanshan Coal Mine landslide under natural and rainfall conditions. The landslide is in a stable state under natural conditions and is basically stable under rainfall conditions. By comparing the calculation results of the limit equilibrium method and the finite element limit equilibrium method, we find that the calculated stability coefficient is more accurate when the appropriate constitutive model is selected. The research results have important reference significance for the prevention and control of the gently inclined bedding mudstone landslide of the overlying mountain in the coal mining subsidence area of the Loess Plateau

Case report: A pregnant woman accidental treated with spironolactone in mid-gestation

Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, is used to treat hypertension, heart failure, and certain hyperandrogenic disorders. Its use during pregnancy is not recommended due to the risk of feminizing male fetuses, primarily because of its antiandrogenic activity. However, human data remain scarce and largely inconclusive. Here, we present the first case of a 25-year-old pregnant woman, at 16 weeks of gestation, who was inadvertently exposed to spironolactone (240 mg/day) for 1 week due to a pharmacy dispensing error. The patient subsequently delivered a healthy male infant with normal genitalia at 38 weeks of gestation following vaginal delivery. Current follow-up shows that the infant is healthy and developing normally. This article summarizes the potential causes of spironolactone-induced anomalous genital development and explores the safety of new-generation mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) during pregnancy. The mechanisms behind spironolactone-induced anomalous genital development in male fetuses have not been fully elucidated. Spironolactone competes with dihydrotestosterone for binding to androgen receptors and inhibits enzymes involved in androgen biosynthesis, which may partly explain its antiandrogenic effects. Recent advancements in MRAs have led to the development of compounds with higher selectivity for the mineralocorticoid receptor, thereby reducing the incidence of antiandrogen side effects. These new-generation MRAs may be effective alternatives during pregnancy, but more data are needed to establish their safety in pregnant women. This case contributes to the limited but growing body of literature on the safety profile of spironolactone in pregnancy, providing insights into its effects during a critical period of fetal development