Seismic Performance of a Y-Shaped Irregular Bridge Subjected to Strong and Multidirectional Ground Motions

A 1/20 scale model of a Y-shaped irregular bridge was designed, and shaking-table tests were performed to simulate its failure mechanism and performance characteristics when subjected to a multidirectional strong earthquake. The results showed that the irregular bridge structure could accelerate in the horizontal direction when subjected to vertical excitation. For both unidirectional and multidirectional excitation, the acceleration response of the pier top was more significant in the transverse direction than in the longitudinal direction. For the variable-section and branching curved beams (i.e., ramp), the response to three-dimensional excitation was equivalent to the direct superposition of the responses to bidirectional excitation and single vertical excitation. With multidirectional excitation, the girder and ramp were more prone to structural collision. However, the likelihood of structural collision was not increased with multidirectional excitation than with bidirectional excitation. The displacement of the pier and beam was very large at the junction of the variable-section main beam and branching curved beam, so bearing failure and falling beams easily occurred. Multidirectional excitation generally increased the vertical acceleration response of the two piers and pier top at the irregular bridge branch, demonstrating the need to consider shock absorption and isolation in designing these locations

Seismic Performance of a Y-Shaped Irregular Bridge Subjected to Strong and Multidirectional Ground Motions

A 1/20 scale model of a Y-shaped irregular bridge was designed, and shaking-table tests were performed to simulate its failure mechanism and performance characteristics when subjected to a multidirectional strong earthquake. The results showed that the irregular bridge structure could accelerate in the horizontal direction when subjected to vertical excitation. For both unidirectional and multidirectional excitation, the acceleration response of the pier top was more significant in the transverse direction than in the longitudinal direction. For the variable-section and branching curved beams (i.e., ramp), the response to three-dimensional excitation was equivalent to the direct superposition of the responses to bidirectional excitation and single vertical excitation. With multidirectional excitation, the girder and ramp were more prone to structural collision. However, the likelihood of structural collision was not increased with multidirectional excitation than with bidirectional excitation. The displacement of the pier and beam was very large at the junction of the variable-section main beam and branching curved beam, so bearing failure and falling beams easily occurred. Multidirectional excitation generally increased the vertical acceleration response of the two piers and pier top at the irregular bridge branch, demonstrating the need to consider shock absorption and isolation in designing these locations

Field-induced slow magnetic relaxation behaviours in binuclear cobalt(ii) metallocycles and exchange-coupled clusters

Precise control of the structures and magnetic properties of a molecular material constitutes an important challenge to realize tailor-made magnetic function. Herein, we report that the ligand-directed coordination self-assembly of a dianionic cobalt(ii) mononuclear complex and selective organic linkers has led to two distinct dicobalt(ii) complexes, [Co2(pdms)2(bpym)3]·2MeCN (1) and [Co(pdms)(bipm)]2·3DMF (2) (H2pdms = 1,2-bis(methanesulfonamide)benzene; bpym = 2,2′-bipyrimidine; bimp = 1,4-bis[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]benzene). Structural analyses revealed that complexes 1 and 2 are discrete binuclear molecules containing two neutral {Co(pdms)} species bridged by bpym and bimp ligands, respectively, forming an exchange-coupled CoII2 dimer and a rare CoII2 metallocycle. Magnetic studies found that 1 exhibits considerable antiferromagnetic interactions transferred by the bpym bridge while negligible magnetic interactions in 2 due to the long bimp ligands. Interestingly, both the complexes show significant magnetic anisotropy and thus exhibit slow magnetic relaxation under an external dc field originating from spin-lattice relaxation. Detailed theoretical calculations were further applied to understand the magnetic interactions and magnetic anisotropy in 1 and 2. The foregoing results highlight that coordination solids with programmed structures and magnetic properties can be designed and prepared through a judicious selection of molecular complex building blocks and organic linkers. © 2022 The Royal Society of Chemistry