Dynamic Programming of Electric Vehicle Reservation Charging and Battery Preheating Strategies Considering Time-of-Use Electricity Price

Electric vehicles can effectively make use of the time-of-use electricity price to reduce the charging cost. Additionally, using grid power to preheat the battery before departure is particularly important for improving the vehicle mileage and reducing the use cost. In this paper, a dynamic programming algorithm is used to optimize the battery AC (Alternating Current) charging–preheating strategy to minimize the total cost of battery charging and preheating, with the charging current and battery preheating power consumption as the control variables. The cost difference between the optimized control strategy and the conventional preheating strategy was analyzed under different ambient temperatures (−20~0 °C) and different target travel times (7:00~12:00). The simulation results show that the optimized control strategy makes the state of charge (SOC) and temperature of the battery reach the set value at the user’s target departure time, and the total cost of the grid is the lowest. Compared with the conventional preheating strategy, the optimized control strategy can utilize the power grid energy in the valley price area and reduce the opening time of the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater in the flat and the peak price zones. Furthermore, the cost utilization rate can reach 18.41~73.96%, and the cost-saving effect is significant

Out-of-plane and In-plane piezoelectric behaviors of [Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3]–0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3) thin films

The piezoelectric properties of [Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3]–0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3) (abbreviated as BZT-0.5BCT) thin films deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates are reported in the present investigation. The effect of the distances between the target and substrate (d) on the morphology and out-of-plane piezoelectric properties was investigated. The experimental results showed that the ferroelectric domains size was dependent on the distance between the substrate and target and the ferroelectric domain growth was constrained by the grains. The samples exhibited well-defined out-of-plane butterfly loops and hysteresis loops and the one with d of 6.5 cm possessed the optimal ferroelectric properties and it exhibited good in-plane piezoelectric properties

Adsorption and Electrochemical Detection of Bovine Serum Albumin Imprinted Calcium Alginate Hydrogel Membrane

In this paper, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-imprinted calcium alginate (CaAlg) hydrogel membrane was prepared using BSA as a template, sodium alginate (NaAlg) as a functional monomer, and CaCl2 as a cross-linker. The thickness of the CaAlg membrane was controlled by a glass rod enlaced with brass wires (the diameter was 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mm). The swelling properties of the CaAlg membranes prepared with different contents of NaAlg were researched. Circular dichroism indicated that the conformation of BSA did not change during the preparing and eluting process. The thinner the CaAlg hydrogel membrane was, the larger the adsorption capacity and the higher the imprinting efficiency of the CaAlg. The maximum adsorption capacity of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and non-imprinted CaAlg hydrogel membrane (NIP) was 38.6 mg·g−1 and 9.2 mg·g−1, respectively, with an imprinting efficiency of 4.2. The MIP was loaded on the electrode to monitor the selective adsorption of BSA by voltammetry curve

Binder-free Co3O4@NiCoAl-layered double hydroxide core-shell hybrid architectural nanowire arrays with enhanced electrochemical performance

Herein, binder-free Co3O4@NiCoAl-layered double hydroxide (Co3O4@LDH) core-shell hybrid architectural nanowire arrays were prepared via a two-step hydrothermal synthesis route. LDH nanosheets possessing a large electroactive surface area uniformly dispersed on the surface of Co3O4 nanowires were successfully fabricated allowing for fast electron transport that enhances the electrochemical performance of LDH nanosheets. Co3O4@LDH nanowire arrays of 2 to 1.5 molar ratio (Co3O4:LDH) exhibit high specific capacitance (1104 Fg-1 at 1 Ag-1), adequate rate capability and cycling stability (87.3% after 5000 cycles), attributed to the synergistic effect between the robust Co3O4 nanowire arrays and LDH nanosheets