6,636 research outputs found
A Case Report of a Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Occurring in Femur
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal neoplasms that most commonly affect the stomach or small intestine, but can occur anywhere throughout the gastrointestinal tract. To the best of our knowledge, few cases have been reported in the literature about the femur metastasis of GIST. This paper describes a metastasis of a gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) to the femur in a 62-year-old male, 2 years after treatment for a gastric primary. There were no signs of tumor recurrence at followup after 12 mo. This case suggests that the femur can be a potential metastatic site of GIST
Hybrid Driven Learning for Channel Estimation in Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Millimeter Wave Communications
Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) have been proposed in millimeter wave
(mmWave) and terahertz (THz) systems to achieve both coverage and capacity
enhancement, where the design of hybrid precoders, combiners, and the IRS
typically relies on channel state information. In this paper, we address the
problem of uplink wideband channel estimation for IRS aided multiuser
multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems with hybrid architectures.
Combining the structure of model driven and data driven deep learning
approaches, a hybrid driven learning architecture is devised for joint
estimation and learning the properties of the channels. For a passive IRS aided
system, we propose a residual learned approximate message passing as a model
driven network. A denoising and attention network in the data driven network is
used to jointly learn spatial and frequency features. Furthermore, we design a
flexible hybrid driven network in a hybrid passive and active IRS aided system.
Specifically, the depthwise separable convolution is applied to the data driven
network, leading to less network complexity and fewer parameters at the IRS
side. Numerical results indicate that in both systems, the proposed hybrid
driven channel estimation methods significantly outperform existing deep
learning-based schemes and effectively reduce the pilot overhead by about 60%
in IRS aided systems.Comment: 30 pages, 8 figures, submitted to IEEE transactions on wireless
communications on December 13, 202
- …