278 research outputs found
SuperpixelGraph: Semi-automatic generation of building footprint through semantic-sensitive superpixel and neural graph networks
Most urban applications necessitate building footprints in the form of
concise vector graphics with sharp boundaries rather than pixel-wise raster
images. This need contrasts with the majority of existing methods, which
typically generate over-smoothed footprint polygons. Editing these
automatically produced polygons can be inefficient, if not more time-consuming
than manual digitization. This paper introduces a semi-automatic approach for
building footprint extraction through semantically-sensitive superpixels and
neural graph networks. Drawing inspiration from object-based classification
techniques, we first learn to generate superpixels that are not only
boundary-preserving but also semantically-sensitive. The superpixels respond
exclusively to building boundaries rather than other natural objects, while
simultaneously producing semantic segmentation of the buildings. These
intermediate superpixel representations can be naturally considered as nodes
within a graph. Consequently, graph neural networks are employed to model the
global interactions among all superpixels and enhance the representativeness of
node features for building segmentation. Classical approaches are utilized to
extract and regularize boundaries for the vectorized building footprints.
Utilizing minimal clicks and straightforward strokes, we efficiently accomplish
accurate segmentation outcomes, eliminating the necessity for editing polygon
vertices. Our proposed approach demonstrates superior precision and efficacy,
as validated by experimental assessments on various public benchmark datasets.
A significant improvement of 8% in AP50 was observed in vector graphics
evaluation, surpassing established techniques. Additionally, we have devised an
optimized and sophisticated pipeline for interactive editing, poised to further
augment the overall quality of the results
Improving a Named Entity Recognizer Trained on Noisy Data with a Few Clean Instances
To achieve state-of-the-art performance, one still needs to train NER models
on large-scale, high-quality annotated data, an asset that is both costly and
time-intensive to accumulate. In contrast, real-world applications often resort
to massive low-quality labeled data through non-expert annotators via
crowdsourcing and external knowledge bases via distant supervision as a
cost-effective alternative. However, these annotation methods result in noisy
labels, which in turn lead to a notable decline in performance. Hence, we
propose to denoise the noisy NER data with guidance from a small set of clean
instances. Along with the main NER model we train a discriminator model and use
its outputs to recalibrate the sample weights. The discriminator is capable of
detecting both span and category errors with different discriminative prompts.
Results on public crowdsourcing and distant supervision datasets show that the
proposed method can consistently improve performance with a small guidance set.Comment: 14 page
Gastric mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms
The uncommon tumour known as gastric mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (G-MiNENs) is made up of parts of neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The biological and clinical features are different from those of gastric adenocarcinoma. Their pathophysiology, diagnostic standards, and clinical behaviour have all been the subject of lengthy debates, and their nomenclature has undergone multiple changes. Its emergence has created new challenges in the classification and diagnosis of gastric tumours. This review will update information on the topic, covering molecular aspects, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and prognostic factor discovery. It will also provide a historical context that will aid in understanding the evolution of the idea and nomenclature of mixed gastric tumours. Additionally, it will provide the reader a thorough understanding of this difficult topic of cancer that is applicable to real-world situations
miR-221/222 promotes S-phase entry and cellular migration in control of basal-like breast cancer.
The miR-221/222 cluster has been demonstrated to function as oncomiR in human cancers. miR-221/222 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and confers tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. However, the effects and mechanisms by which miR-221/222 regulates breast cancer aggressiveness remain unclear. Here we detected a much higher expression of miR-221/222 in highly invasive basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) cells than that in non-invasive luminal cells. A microRNA dataset from breast cancer patients indicated an elevated expression of miR-221/222 in BLBC subtype. S-phase entry of the cell cycle was associated with the induction of miR-221/222 expression. miRNA inhibitors specially targeting miR-221 or miR-222 both significantly suppressed cellular migration, invasion and G1/S transition of the cell cycle in BLBC cell types. Proteomic analysis demonstrated the down-regulation of two tumor suppressor genes, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibit 1B (CDKN1B), by miR-221/222. This is the first report to reveal miR-221/222 regulation of G1/S transition of the cell cycle. These findings demonstrate that miR-221/222 contribute to the aggressiveness in control of BLBC
Heat-induced oxidation and proteomic changes to yak milk protein
Yak milk is a dietary source of high-quality protein in the plateau region of China but as yet uncharacterized oxidative changes occur during heat treatment. Therefore, oxidation of and proteomic changes to milk proteins from plateau pasture-fed yaks after at different temperatures were investigated. Content of carbonyl groups, surface hydrophobicity increased, and total sulfhydryl, disulfide bond content decreased. Endogenous fluorescence intensity decreased after at increasing temperatures, indicating increased particle size, and absolute values of the zeta potential decreased. Analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed changes of the secondary structure, with relative content of α-helices increasing and then decreasing, β-sheet showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing while the relative content of random curl did not change. The close range of the β-turn gradually decreased, breaking the protein microstructure, and folding stacking occurred. Proteomics analyses showed a temperature dependent effect. Sixty-two proteins were suppressed and 49 elevated with 4 pathways up-regulated and 7 down-regulated at 65 °C. Thirty-one proteins were suppressed and 37 elevated with 5 pathways up-regulated and 4 down-regulated at 90 °C. The most extensive changes were observed at 120 °C, when 327 proteins were suppressed and 308 elevated with 11 pathways up-regulated and 33 down-regulated
- …