180 research outputs found
Many-body Chemical Reactions in a Quantum Degenerate Gas
Chemical reactions in the quantum degenerate regime are described by mixing
of matterwave fields. Quantum coherence and bosonic enhancement are two unique
features of many-body reactions involving bosonic reactants and products. Such
collective reactions of chemicals, dubbed "super-chemistry", is an elusive goal
in quantum chemistry research. Here we report the observation of coherent and
collective reactive coupling between Bose condensed atoms and molecules near a
Feshbach resonance. Starting from an atomic condensate, the reaction begins
with a rapid formation of molecules, followed by oscillations of their
populations in the equilibration process. Faster oscillations are observed in
samples with higher densities, indicating bosonic enhancement. We present a
quantum field model which describes the dynamics well and identifies three-body
recombination as the dominant reaction process. Our findings exemplify the
highly sought-after quantum many-body chemistry and offer a new paradigm for
the control of quantum chemical reactions.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures. Nat. Phys. (2023
Antenna Positioning and Beamforming Design for Fluid-Antenna Enabled Multi-user Downlink Communications
This paper investigates a multiple input single output (MISO) downlink
communication system in which users are equipped with fluid antennas (FAs).
First, we adopt a field-response based channel model to characterize the
downlink channel with respect to FAs' positions. Then, we aim to minimize the
total transmit power by jointly optimizing the FAs' positions and beamforming
matrix. To solve the resulting non-convex problem, we employ an alternating
optimization (AO) algorithm based on penalty method and successive convex
approximation (SCA) to obtain a sub-optimal solution. Numerical results
demonstrate that the FA-assisted communication system performs better than
conventional fixed position antennas system
Robust Weighted Sum-Rate Maximization for Transmissive RIS Transmitter Enabled RSMA Networks
Due to the low power consumption and low cost nature of transmissive
reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS),in this paper, we propose a downlink
multi-user rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) architecture based on the
transmissive RIS transmitter, where the channel state information (CSI) is only
accquired partially. We investigate the weighted sum-rate maximization problem
by jointly optimizing the power, RIS transmissive coefficients and common rate
allocated to each user. Due to the coupling of optimization variables, the
problem is nonconvex, and it is difficult to directly obtain the optimal
solution. Hence, a block coordinate descent (BCD) algorithm based on sample
average approximation (SAA) and weighted minimum mean square error (WMMSE) is
proposed to tackle it. Numerical results illustrate that the transmissive RIS
transmitter with ratesplitting architecture has advantages over conventional
space division multiple access (SDMA) and non-orthgonal multiple access (NOMA)
Posterior ankle arthroscopic treatment of a talar chondroblastoma with allograft and a platelet-rich plasma-fibrin glue: A case report and literature review
Talar chondroblastoma, which is a benign tumor of immature cartilage cells, is an uncommon but easily missed diagnosis of foot pain. Arthroscopic treatment for this condition is a safe, powerful, and promising technique with definitive advantages of visualization and minimal invasion. Here, we report a case of a talar chondroblastoma treated by posterior ankle arthroscopic curettage, allograft bone graft, and platelet-rich plasma-fibrin glue (PRP-FG) application.Level of evidenceCase Report. Level IV
The modified capsular arthroplasty for young patients with developmental dislocation of the hip.
The present study aimed to investigate the clinical results of the modified Codivilla-Hey Groves-Colonna capsular arthroplasty in the treatment of young patients with developmental dislocation of the hip. We retrospectively evaluated 90 patients (92 hips) who underwent the modified capsular arthroplasty from June 2012 to June 2021. Hips were evaluated using the modified hip Harris score (mHHS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score and the 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12). The Tönnis osteoarthritis grade and the Severin classification system were used to assess the radiographic outcomes. The average age was 15.7 years (range: 8-26 years). The mean pre-operative mHHS, the WOMAC score and the iHOT-12 score were 83.03, 14.05 and 52.79, respectively. The patients were followed for a mean of 41.1 months (range: 12.1-120.9 months). The patients had a mean mHHS of 83.61 (range: 31.2-97), a WOMAC score of 16.41 (range: 0-51) and an iHOT-12 score of 64.81 (range: 12.9-98.2) at the final follow-up. Capsular thickness had a positive predication on the final functional outcomes. The excellent/good rate of radiological reduction was 79.3%. More than 60% of patients had no/slight osteoarthritis. A total of 54 hips (58.7%) had superior radiographic outcomes. The risk factors for inferior radiographic outcomes were capsular quality (odds ratio [OR]: 0.358, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.113-0.931) and capsular thickness (OR: 0.265, 95% CI: 0.134-0.525). Joint stiffness was the most common complication (14.1%). We confirmed the efficacy of this procedure in the treatment of developmental hip dislocation. Patients with poor capsular quality are not suitable for this procedure. With suitable selection according to indications, this procedure can restore the hip rotation center with a low incidence of femoral head necrosis or severe osteoarthritis
Phytophthora infestans RXLR effectors target parallel steps in an immune signal transduction pathway
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