Simple scheme for implementing the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm in thermal cavity

We present a simple scheme to implement the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm based on two-atom interaction in a thermal cavity. The photon-number-dependent parts in the evolution operator are canceled with the strong resonant classical field added. As a result, our scheme is immune to thermal field, and does not require the cavity to remain in the vacuum state throughout the procedure. Besides, large detuning between the atoms and the cavity is not necessary neither, leading to potential speed up of quantum operation. Finally, we show by numerical simulation that the proposed scheme is equal to demonstrate the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm with high fidelity.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Deconfined quantum criticality with emergent symmetry in the extended Shastry-Sutherland model

Motivated by the exotic critical phenomena observed in the Shastry-Sutherland material $\rm SrCu_2(BO_3)_2$ \blue{[Jimenez {\it et al}, Nature {\bf 592}, 370 (2021); Cui {\it et al}, Science {\bf 380}, 1179 (2023)]}, we investigate the ground state nature of the extended Shastry-Sutherland model (SSM) by the state-of-the-art 2D tensor network method. Via large-scale simulations up to $20\times 20$ sites, we identify a continuous phase transition between the plaquette valence-bond solid (PVBS) phase and the antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase accompanied by an emergent O(4) symmetry, which strongly suggests a deconfined quantum critical point (DQCP). Furthermore, we map out the phase diagram of the extended SSM and observe the same type of DQCP phenomena with emergent O(4) symmetry and similar critical exponents along the whole critical line. Our results indicate a compelling scenario for understanding the origin of the proximate DQCP observed in recent experiments.Comment: 5+6 pages; 4+5 figures; 3 table

Decrease in CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells after pulmonary resection in the treatment of cavity multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

SummaryObjectivesImmune regulatory mechanisms may limit the immunopathologic condition of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and suppress cellular immune responses in the host. We investigated the CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ circulating regulatory T cells (Treg) in patients with cavity multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) before and after surgery.MethodsWe compared the proportion of Treg cells in 13 patients with cavity MDR-TB pre- and postoperatively and in 10 healthy control subjects by flow cytometry using three specific markers in peripheral blood lymphocytes: cell-surface CD4 and CD25 expression and intracellular FoxP3 expression.ResultsThe proportion of CD4+CD25high and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg was significantly higher in patients with cavity MDR-TB and at 1-month postoperatively than in healthy controls (p<0.001). The proportion of CD4+ and CD4+CD25− cells was significantly lower in patients with cavity MDR-TB than in controls (p<0.001). Pre- and postoperative proportions of CD4+CD25high and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells showed a positive correlation (r=0.878, p<0.001).ConclusionCirculating Treg cells are increased in proportion in patients with cavity MDR-TB and decreased after surgery. Infection with M. tuberculosis may induce Treg cell-surface molecular changes with increased numbers of cells

On Realization of Intelligent Decision-Making in the Real World: A Foundation Decision Model Perspective

Our situated environment is full of uncertainty and highly dynamic, thus hindering the widespread adoption of machine-led Intelligent Decision-Making (IDM) in real world scenarios. This means IDM should have the capability of continuously learning new skills and efficiently generalizing across wider applications. IDM benefits from any new approaches and theoretical breakthroughs that exhibit Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) breaking the barriers between tasks and applications. Recent research has well-examined neural architecture, Transformer, as a backbone foundation model and its generalization to various tasks, including computer vision, natural language processing, and reinforcement learning. We therefore argue that a foundation decision model (FDM) can be established by formulating various decision-making tasks as a sequence decoding task using the Transformer architecture; this would be a promising solution to advance the applications of IDM in more complex real world tasks. In this paper, we elaborate on how a foundation decision model improves the efficiency and generalization of IDM. We also discuss potential applications of a FDM in multi-agent game AI, production scheduling, and robotics tasks. Finally, through a case study, we demonstrate our realization of the FDM, DigitalBrain (DB1) with 1.2 billion parameters, which achieves human-level performance over 453 tasks, including text generation, images caption, video games playing, robotic control, and traveling salesman problems. As a foundation decision model, DB1 would be a baby step towards more autonomous and efficient real world IDM applications.Comment: 26 pages, 4 figure

Target of Opportunity Observations Detectability of Kilonovae with WFST

Kilonovae are approximately thermal transients, produced by mergers of binary neutron stars (BNSs) and NS-black hole binaries. As the optical counterpart of the gravitational wave event GW170817, AT2017gfo is the first kilonova detected with smoking-gun evidence. Its observation offers vital information for constraining the Hubble constant, the source of cosmic $r$-process enrichment, and the equation of state of neutron stars. The 2.5-meter Wide-Field Survey Telescope (WFST) operates at six bands (u, g, r, i, z, w), spanning from 320 to 925 nm. It will be completed in the first half of 2023, and with a field-of-view diameter of 3 degrees, aims to detect kilonovae in the near future. In this article, considering the influence of the host galaxies and sky brightness, we generate simulated images to investigate WFST's ability to detect AT2017gfo-like kilonovae. Due to their spectra, host galaxies can significantly impact kilonova detection at a longer wavelength. When kilonovae are at peak luminosity, we find that WFST performs better in the g and r bands and can detect 90\% (50\%) kilonovae at a luminosity distance of 248 Mpc (338 Mpc) with 30 s exposures. Furthermore, to reflect actual efficiency under target-of-opportunity observations, we calculate the total time of follow-up under various localization areas and distances. We find that if the localization areas of most BNS events detected during the fourth observing (O4) run of LIGO and Virgo are hundreds of deg$^2$, WFST is expected to find $\sim$30\% kilonovae in the first two nights during O4 period.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figure

Postoperative Recovery Outcomes for Obese Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

PurposeThis study was performed to assess the postoperative recovery outcomes in obese patients undergoing general anesthesia.MethodsThe eligible studies were identified from PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane library until December 2020. The standard mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the role of desflurane, sevoflurane, and propofol on recovery outcomes, and the analyses using the random-effects model.ResultsEleven randomized controlled trials involving 713 obese patients undergoing general anesthesia were selected for final meta-analysis. We noted desflurane was associated with a shorter time to eye-opening than sevoflurane (SMD: −0.86; 95% CI, −1.43 to −0.28; P = 0.003). The use of desflurane with shorter time to extubation as compared with propofol (SMD: −1.13; 95% CI, −1.52 to −0.73; P &lt; 0.001) or sevoflurane (SMD: −1.19; 95% CI, −2.15 to −0.22; P = 0.016), while sevoflurane was associated with longer time to extubation as compared with propofol (SMD: 1.47; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.91; P &lt; 0.001). Desflurane were associated with shorter time to stating name as compared with propofol (SMD: −1.40; 95% CI, −2.32 to −0.48; P = 0.003) or sevoflurane (SMD: −2.09; 95% CI, −3.33 to −0.85; P = 0.001). In addition, desflurane was associated with a longer time for orientation to place as compared with propofol (SMD: 0.65; 95% CI, 0.22 to 1.07; P = 0.003), while desflurane with shorter time for orientation to place as compared with sevoflurane (SMD: −0.88; 95% CI, −1.46 to −0.30; P = 0.003).ConclusionsThe use of desflurane could provide better recovery outcomes in obese patients undergoing general anesthesia. Further large-scale trials should be comparison the long-term effectiveness of various anesthetics

Efficient scheme for one-way quantum computing in thermal cavities

We propose a practical scheme for one-way quantum computing based on efficient generation of 2D cluster state in thermal cavities. We achieve a controlled-phase gate that is neither sensitive to cavity decay nor to thermal field by adding a strong classical field to the two-level atoms. We show that a 2D cluster state can be generated directly by making every two atoms collide in an array of cavities, with numerically calculated parameters and appropriate operation sequence that can be easily achieved in practical Cavity QED experiments. Based on a generated cluster state in Box$^{(4)}$ configuration, we then implement Grover's search algorithm for four database elements in a very simple way as an example of one-way quantum computing.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

A Population-based and Clinical Cohort Validation of the Novel Consensus Definition of Metabolic Hyperferritinemia

Background: There is limited data on the clinical significance of metabolic hyperferritinemia (MHF) based on the most recent consensus. We aimed to validate the clinical outcomes of MHF in general population and biopsy-proven metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) patients. Methods: NHANES database and PERSONS cohort were included. MHF was defined as elevated serum ferritin with metabolic dysfunction (MD) and stratified into different grades according to ferritin (grade 1: 200 [females]/300 [males] - 550 ng/ml; grade 2: 550 - 1000 ng/ml; grade 3: &gt; 1000 ng/ml). The clinical outcomes, including all-cause death, comorbidities and liver histology were compared between non-MHF and MHF in adjusted models. Results: In NHANES, compared with non-MHF with MD, MHF was related to higher risks of advanced fibrosis (FIB-4, P = 0.036), elevated albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR, P = 0.001) and sarcopenia (P = 0.013). Although the association between all grades of MHF and mortality was insignificant (P = 0.122), grades 2/3 was associated with increased mortality (P = 0.029). While comparing with non-MHF without MD, the harmful effects of MHF were more significant in mortality (P &lt; 0.001), elevated UACR (P &lt; 0.001), cardiovascular disease (P = 0.028), and sarcopenia (P &lt; 0.001). In PERSONS cohort, MHF was associated with more advanced grades of steatosis (P &lt; 0.001), lobular inflammation (P &lt; 0.001), advanced fibrosis (P = 0.017), and more severe hepatocellular iron deposition (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Both in general population and at-risk individuals with MAFLD, MHF was related with poorer clinical outcomes