Oxidation of carbon monoxide over Ag (111) by preadsorbed active oxygen studied by XPS and UPS

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Étude numérique du transitoire d'injection adapté au fonctionnement d'un moteur fusée à détonation rotative

International audienceDetonation applied to propulsion could result in a promising increase of the thermodynamic efficiency of the engine cycle. Numerical simulations of the detonation propagating in the Continuous Detonation Wave Rocket Engine (CDWRE) are currently performed but still do not account for realistic injection process. The assumption of an ideal injected premix is generally chosen for convenience to obtain theoretical results. Comparison of the numerical results with experiments is difficult because of the clear difference of the injection configurations. Some physical aspects of the separate injection of the components used in experiments are not clearly assessed. This study is included in a wider numerical project aimed at designing and optimizing a realistic CDWRE. The optimization process is presently focused on the injector. One element of the injection hole pattern is considered assuming that this element is periodically repeated over the injector head. The aim of the work presented here is to model and analyze the refill process of the components in the combustion chamber behind the rotating detonation. The simulation starts just after the passage of the detonation over the considered injection element. This simulation gives information on the way the injected propellants recreate the reactive mixture for the next detonation. In the first step, two-dimensional (2D) computations helped us to set up the methodology and to study the dynamic response of the fresh components injected. A comparison between 2D homogeneous and separate injections is provided. In the second step, three-dimensional (3D) computations have been performed with a separate injection suitable for the CDWRE operation. Some performance parameters are evaluated such as mixing efficiency or filling of the domain.La détonation appliquée à la propulsion pourrait conduire à une augmentation prometteuse du rendement thermodynamique du cycle moteur. Les simulations numériques actuelles de la propagation d'une détonation dans un moteur fusée à détonation rotative (CDWRE) ne tiennent pas compte d'une injection réaliste en majorité. On adopte généralement l'hypothèse simplificatrice de l'injection d'un prémélange pour obtenir des résultats théoriques. La comparaison entre les résultats numériques et expérimentaux est difficile par la nette différence entre les configurations d'injection utilisée. Quelques aspects physiques de l'injection séparée des ergols utilisée dans les expériences ne sont pas encore bien connus. Cette étude est incluse dans un projet numérique plus large destiné à concevoir et optimiser un CDWRE réaliste. La procédure d'optimisation est ici centrée sur l'injecteur. Un élément du motif d'injection constitué de trous est considéré en supposant que cet élément est périodiquement répété sur le plan d'injection. Le but de ce travail est de modéliser et d'analyser le processus de réinjection des ergols dans la chambre de combustion derrière la détonation rotative. La simulation commence juste après le passage de la détonation au-dessus de l'élément d'injection considéré. Cette simulation donne des informations sur la façon dont l'injection des ergols permet de recréer la couche de mélange réactive pour la prochaine détonation. Premièrement, des simulations 2D ont permis de mettre en place la méthodologie et d'étudier la réponse dynamique du mélange frais injecté. Une comparaison entre les résultats 2D d'injections homogène et séparée est montrée. Ensuite, des simulations 3D ont été réalisées avec une injection séparée adaptée au fonctionnement du CDWRE. Quelques indices de performance sont évalués comme l'efficacité de mélange et le remplissage du domaine

The scientific career of L.F. Obukhova from the 1960s to the 2010s

Background. Lyudmila Filippovna Obukhova (July 22, 1938 – July 20, 2016) made a great contribution to the study of the developmental psychology. The Objective is to recreate the portrait of L.F. Obukhova retrieved from her personal memories, to identify some features of her personality, to present the most important areas of her research and teaching job in the field of developmental and general psychology, to show her grateful attitude towards parents, teachers, colleagues. Design. The paper shows that L.F. Obukhova, after graduating from the Department of Psychology at the Faculty of Philosophy, Moscow Lomonosov State University, worked in the field of child psychology. She carried out a comprehensive theoretical and experimental analysis of the Geneva School of Genetic Psychology, established by the eminent Swiss psychologist J.Piaget and his followers. Being a student of P.Ya. Galperin, she worked in the wake of her teacher’s ideas, was a part of his scientific school, conducted lectures on Galperin’s theory and carried out her own research that made a significant contribution to the development of Galperin’s theory. L.F. Obukhova showed that in the stream of all psychological theories of child development, the concepts of Piaget and Galperin are the main approaches to the issue of ontogenetic development. Both of them are fruitful, but Vygotsky cultural-historical school is the most distinguished. Results. Fruitful activities in the field of developmental psychology, the practical value of textbooks for psychology students allow us to classify L.F. Obukhov as classical Russian psychologist

Improvement of organizational measures to ensure public security and order during the mass events by the National Police of Ukraine

The purpose of this article is to identify ways to improve organizational measures to ensure public security and order during the mass events by the National Police. Methods such as structural-functional, formal-logical, modeling, analysis, and synthesis were used in the writing of the article. The successful implementation of this measure depends largely on organization, relationships between each police authority and unit, rational distribution of forces and resources, early response to the detection of violations and other events, effective coordination, placement of patrol posts and routes. The Department of Organizational Analytical Support and Rapid Response, which ensures within competencies its coordination, planning, control and coordination of actions of all authorities and units involved to ensure public security and order during mass events, plays an important role in the police work in this direction. It was therefore concluded that: a) improvement of decentralization of the management system of police authorities and units, establishment of the mechanism of its coordination with the territorial police bodies; b) equipping of police authorities and units with modern communication means, GPS-navigators, gas analyzers for identifying the state of drunkenness, video cameras, devices of operational identification, computing complexes etc.; c) developing close cooperation with citizens and their associations, with local communities; d) conducting trainings on keeping public order and providing public security, psychological and physical training, analytical work and more

SOCIO-ECONOMIC COMPONENT OF THE STATE POLICY IN THE FIELD OF PREVENTION OF CRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST LABOUR RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF A PERSON AND A CITIZEN

The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence and content of socio-economic elements of the state policy in the field of prevention of criminal offences against labour rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen; to consider the main methods of risk management in the construction of the crime prevention mechanism as the ways of ensuring the economic security of the state. Scientific discussion of the problem of correlation of criminal-legal, criminological and economic aspects of reduction of quantitative and qualitative indicators of such socially dangerous acts is presented. The socio-economic determinants of the studied type of crime are characterised. The authors' vision of the peculiarities of labour legislation in the conditions of martial law functioning and their correlation with the intensification of crime and the destabilisation of the economic situation in the country is outlined. The problem of the high level of migration is updated and explained from the point of view of the unsatisfactory economic situation, which complicates the process of employment of young people, and the unsatisfactory level of providing the population with higher education. The need to integrate the social aspect into the labour legislation has been demonstrated by standardising the provisions on the preferred categories of employees, the specifics of their performance of labour duties, etc. Socio-economic measures and means to prevent criminal offences against the labour rights of citizens are proposed. Results. Regulatory legal acts establishing the peculiarities of employees' performance of their labour duties have been regulated, and the Law of Ukraine "On Peculiarities of Regulation of Labour Relations under Martial Law" No. 2136-IX of 15.03.2022, which defines the procedure for interaction between the employer, the state and the employee, regarding the special legal regime, has been singled out. The article provides additional arguments in favour of the need to introduce systemic changes to the Labour Code. It is established that the socio-economic determinants of criminal offences against labour rights of citizens include the following phenomena: 1) martial law and the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic have reduced Ukraine's investment attractiveness, leading to a fall in the labour market, the need to cut jobs and the resulting labour disputes, and the need for employers to resort to criminal violations of employees' rights (gross violation of labour laws, gross violation of an employment contract, coercion to participate in a strike or obstruction of participation in a strike, and so forth); 2) the levelling of the need for conceptual reforms of the concept of sustainable development in the current political and economic environment has led to the end of globalisation and the beginning of localisation, and, as a result, migration of the population causes the loss of labour resources and the retention of employees by illegal means (in particular, through unjustified non-payment of wages, scholarships, and more); 3) regular attacks on critical infrastructure facilities and complications in energy security increase the demand for certain professions (e.g., in the defence industry) and make others irrelevant, which leads to massive redundancies in other professions; 4) financial, technical, organisational, administrative and personnel problems in the work of commercial courts, which makes it difficult for the court to resolve disputes related to business activities

КЛІНІЧНІ ПРОЯВИ ВЕГЕТАТИВНОГО ДИСБАЛАНСУ У КЛІМАКТЕРИЧНОМУ ПЕРІОДІ ТА МОЖЛИВОСТІ ЇХ КОРЕКЦІЇ

Актуальність проблеми. Вегетативні порушення, які виявляють майже у 80 % жінок, є найбільш ранніми проявами клімактеричного синдрому.Кардіальна і церебральна симптоматика значно погіршує якість життя і є передумовою тяжких ускладнень, які погіршують якість життята зменшують його тривалість

Functional and Material Properties in Nanocatalyst Design: A Data Handling and Sharing Problem

(1) Background: Properties and descriptors are two forms of molecular in silico representations. Properties can be further divided into functional, e.g., catalyst or drug activity, and material, e.g., X-ray crystal data. Millions of real measured functional property records are available for drugs or drug candidates in online databases. In contrast, there is not a single database that registers a real conversion, TON or TOF data for catalysts. All of the data are molecular descriptors or material properties, which are mainly of a calculation origin. (2) Results: Here, we explain the reason for this. We reviewed the data handling and sharing problems in the design and discovery of catalyst candidates particularly, material informatics and catalyst design, structural coding, data collection and validation, infrastructure for catalyst design and the online databases for catalyst design. (3) Conclusions: Material design requires a property prediction step. This can only be achieved based on the registered real property measurement. In reality, in catalyst design and discovery, we can observe either a severe functional property deficit or even property famine

Current advanced technologeies in training of a family physician

In the process of reforming the system of medical care and opening of general practice/family medicine institutions, being the basis of the health care system, a general practitioner/family physician vlith high qualification, deep knowledge in general, pre-clinical and clinical disciplines is at the core of health care. Considering the global tendencies, the improvement of the quality of educational services, provision of equal access to quality education at all levels, rise of the competitiveness of the national education system and its integration into common European educational space are marked among the priority directions of the development of education in Ukraine. Moreover, the system of higher medical education requires new approaches to the training of qualified medical professionals and comprehension of the pedagogical process in HEI. Current international standards in the field of education provide for the training of qualified specialists capable of integrating theoretical knowledge and practical skills into a holistic system, acquiring the advanced technologies, etc. The search for standards in higher medical education is an optimal strategy for achieving a conceptually new level of quality of training of future professionals, based on the training of healthcare professionals in compliance vlith the conventional international standards of teaching, taking into account the peculiarities and interests of the national healthcare system

Vascular pathology in liquidators of the accident at Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant: formation, manifestation, and progressing. Literature review and own investigation

Сосудистая патология продолжает занимать ведущее место в структуре заболеваемости ликвидаторов последствий аварии на ЧАЭС и в отдаленном периоде после катастрофы. Это определяет необходимость изучения основных патогенетических механизмов заболеваний, возникших под воздействием комплекса повреждающих факторов. В статье показано, что у ликвидаторов последствий аварии на ЧАЭС наблюдаются изменения показателей гипофизарно-тиреоидно-надпочечниковых гормонов, сдвиги в системе липопероксидации и антиоксидантной защиты, вегетативной и имунной регуляции. Эти факторы определяют активность компенсаторно-приспособительных процессов организма. Авторами установлено, что у ликвидаторов последствий аварии на ЧАЭС адаптационные функции гипофизарно-тиреоидно-надпочечниковой системы угасают с ростом тяжести патологии от функциональной (ДЭ 1-й степени) до органической (ИБС, ДЭ 2-й степени), а при сочетании ИБС и ДЭ – в значительной степени истощаются. В системе свободно-радикального окисления липидов у этих больных усиливаются процессы липоперо-ксидации, а также имеет место компенсаторное напряжение системы антиоксидантной защиты, активность которой при сочетанной патологии заметно снижается. Прослеживается зависимость клинических проявлений заболеваний, гормонально-метаболических изменений, состояния центральной и периферической гемодинамики от направленности вегетативной регуляции и патогенетических механизмов ее нарушений. С ростом тяжести сосудистой и сопутствующей сегментарной и надсегментарной вегетативной патологии у ликвидаторов последствий аварии на ЧАЭС наблюдается падение мощности вегетативной регуляции системы кровообращения со сдвигом баланса в сторону парасимпатического звена и разбалансированием вегетативной обеспеченности деятельности. Таким образом, формирование, манифестация и прогрессирование сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний под воздействием комплекса повреждающих факторов имеют в своей основе патологические изменения, обусловленные снижением активности компенсаторно-приспособительных процессов организма, и соответственно требуют коррекции; Vascular pathology keeps fundamental place in the morbidity structure among liquidators of the accident at Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in spite of the remote period after the catastrophe. This determines the significance for studying basic pathogenetic mechanisms of the diseases occurring due to the influence of complex disturbing factors. This research paper shows that the liquidators of the accident at Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant demonstrate the changes in the indices of pituitary-thyroidal-adrenal hormones, shifts in the system of lipoperoxidation and antioxidant protection as well as in the system of vegetative and immune regulation. These factors determine the activity of compensatory and adaptive processes in the human body. The authors have found out that the adaptive functions of pituitary-thyroidaladrenal system fade inversely proportional to the growth of pathologies ranging from the functional (the first stage of discirculatory encephalopathy (DE)) to organic (ischemic heart disorder of the second stage of disculatory encephalopathy (IHD)), and these functions become weaker in combinations of IHD and DE in the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident. In the system of the free-radical lipid oxidation for theses patients the processes of lipoperoxidation are noticed to become more intensive, and the compensatory tension of antioxidant protective system shows the decrease in its activity in cases of comorbidities. There is a dependence of clinical manifestations of the diseases, hormonal and metabolic changes, state of central and peripheral hemodynamics on the direction of vegetative regulation and pathogenetic mechanisms of its disturbances. In proportion to the aggravation of vascular and concomitant segmental and suprasegmental vegetative pathologies in the liquidators of Chernobyl accident the capacity of vegetative regulation of circulatory system fails to function normally shifting towards the parasympathetic section and unbalancing of vegetative supply. Thus, the formation, manifestation, and progressing of cardio-vascular disorders under the influence of complex disturbing factors are mainly caused by the pathological changes determined by the decrease in activity of compensatory and adaptive processes of the organism and, therefore the proper correction is necessary