INSTRUMENTS OF SUPPORT FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FUNDED BY LEADING DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATIONS

Introduction: one of the key aspects of the knowledge economy development is the growing significance of the results of research and development. The education and basic research play a key role in this process. Funding for education and fundamental science is carried out mainly at the expense of the state resources, including a system of foundations for scientific, engineering and innovation activities in Russia. The purpose of this article is to present recommendations for improving the tools of domestic foundations in funding fundamental research and development, including education and training. The propositions are made with a comparative analysis of the domestic and foreign science foun dations’ activities. Materials and Methods: the authors used analysis, comparison, induction, deduction, graphical analysis, generalisation and other scientific methods during the study. Results: the lack of comparability between domestic and foreign scientific funds in the volume of funding allocated for basic research and development is revealed. This situation affects the scientific research. The foreign foundations have a wide range of instruments to support research projects at all stages of the life cycle of grants for education and training prior to release of an innovative product to market (the use of “innovation elevator” system). The Russian national scientific foundations have no such possibilities. The authors guess that the Russian organisations ignore some of the instruments for supporting research and development. Use of these tools could enhance the effectiveness of research projects. According to the study of domestic and foreign experience in supporting research and development, the authors proposed a matrix composed of instruments for support in the fields of basic scientific researches and education with such phases of the project life cycle as “research” and “development”. Discussion and Conclusions: the foreign science foundations use a broader spectrum of the tools to support research and development than the domestic organisations. The authors pinpoint a number of functional instruments to support research and development and advice to Russian science-supporting institutions to use the modern tools in the activities for enhancing the ef fectiveness of researches

Diffusion coefficient when fine aerosol media propagate in a confined volume

An experimental estimation is reported of the value of the effective diffusion coefficient during aerosol deposition in a confined volume. Aerosol propagation regularities have experimentally been studied in a chamber of a complex configuration with different placement of aerosol generators

Influence of the local gas injection on the flow structure in the boundary layer

The results of an experimental and numerical study of the interaction of supersonic flow around an axisymmetric model, M = (2 [-:] 5), with a jet of gas injected locally into the boundary layer are presented

Morphology of ceramic particles produced by plasma-chemical synthesis

Thermal and diffusion processes in the droplet weakly concentrated metal salt solution during its heating in the plasma chemical reactor, in order to synthesize metal oxide powders are considered. Numerical study is based on previously proposed physical-mathematical model. The results of numerical calculations are analyzed to assess the possible influence of the operation parameters of the reactor and the characteristics of the initial solution (precursor) on the morphology of the particles formed

Investigation of working processes in a flowing channel of ramjet engine

The technique and results of experimental-theoretical study of gas-dynamics, heat transfer and the structure of gas-flow in the flowing channel of a ramjet engine in Mach number range M = (5-7) are presented. The temperature distribution along the flowing channel of a ramjet engine was experimentally obtained. The temperature along the wall of the flowing channel of the axisymmetric model was measured using the developed thermoprobe. Distributions of Mach number and temperature along the symmetry axis of the flowing channel of the model are obtained numerically. Comparison of the numerical and experimentally obtained values of the Mach number showed their qualitative agreement

Study of heat transfer processes in the flowing part of hypersonic air-ramjet engine

The technique and results of the experimental-theoretical study of gas dynamics, heat transfer and the structure of gas flow in the flowing channel of a model hypersonic air-ramjet engine are presented for Mach numbers M (5; 6)

Experimental study of flow around axisymmetric bodies in supersonic flow in case of a local injection into the boundary layer

A technique of experimental determination of the parameters and structure of supersonic air flow around of axisymmetric bodies form in the range of Mach numbers M = (2 ÷ 5) are presented. The results of the investigation of the interaction a supersonic stream flowing around of an axisymmetric model with gas jet which inject into the boundary layer are given

Mathematical modelling of the liquid atomization process by cocurrent gas flow

This paper focuses on the physical-mathematical model of liquid atomization in the spray pattern of an ejection nozzle. A flow field of a gas phase behind the nozzle section is computed using the Ansys Fluent package. Dynamics of molten metal droplets in the gas phase within a trajectory approach is calculated. Using the presented model, numerical calculation results are given

Evaluation of Availability of Human, Scientific, Technological and Innovative Potential in the Context of Priorities in Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation

Introduction. The implementation of priorities of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation involves an assessment of the trends in the development of human, scientific, technological and innovation potential within the framework of these directions. In modern conditions of transformation of science and technology into key factors of Russian development, it is necessary to provide the country’s economy with human resources capable of withstanding “big challenges”, but at this stage there is a shortage of highly qualified specialists in many key industries that can offer a new scientific result, taking into account the prospects for its application. The purpose of the article is to develop an approach to assess the human, scientific, technological and innovative potentials in the context of priorities in the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation and its validation using the example of three priorities. Materials and Methods. The materials of this study draw on Rosstat and FSMNO ; Rospatent; Web of Science and Scopus. The object of research is to assess human, scientific, technological and innovative potential in the context of priorities in scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation. In the course of the research, a multiplicative model of the impact of the availability of human, scientific, technological and innovative capacity on labour intensity was developed. In the process of research, the following research and analysis methods were used: comparison, induction and deduction method, generalisation method, chain substitution method, logical structure study, system analysis, and special methods of statistical, comparative analysis. In the methodological plan, we used the system and process appro aches in the basis of the study. Results. The study revealed that the labour intensity in 2016 for all three priorities of the scientific and technological revolution of the Russian Federation has increased. Therefore, according to the priorities of the scientific and technological revolution of the Russian Federation, the availability of scientific, technological and innovative potential is not sufficient, which leads to a decrease in the reverse indicator of labour intensity - labour productivity in the markets within the framework of these priorities. Concerning the impact on labour intensity in all three priorities, one observes: the growth of “collaborations” in fundamental research, the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, “collaborations” of applied research; reduction in citations from scientific articles, low patent activity of engineering and technical workers, technological demand for patents. Therefore, against the background of emerging collaborative activity of actors in the process of research and development and the growth of the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, there is a low level of orientation of scientific and scientific-technical results to c ommercialisation. Discussion and Conclusions. On the basis of the multiplicative model developed by the authors for assessing the impact of the provision of human, scientific, technological and innovative capacities on labor intensity, it was tested on the example of the three priorities of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation (a, b, c). It was revealed that the labour intensity in 2016, according to the priorities of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Russian Federation, increased, and the availability of scientific, technological and innovative potential is not sufficient, which leads to a decrease in the inverse measure of labour intensity - labour productivity in high-tech markets within the framework of these priorities. Concerning the impact on labour intensity for all three priorities, it was revealed: the growth of “collaborations” of fundamental research, the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, “collaborations” of applied research; reduction in citations from scientific articles, low patent activity of engineering and technical workers, technological demand for patents. It was also revealed that against the background of the emerging collaborative activity of actors in the process of research and development and the growth of the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, there is a low level of orientation of scientific and scientific-technical results to commercialisation