Local nearly non-strained perovskite lattice approaching a broad environmental stability window of efficient solar cells

Twist and fracture of surface lattice tend to occur under harsh condition due to the soft lattice natures of hybrid perovskite materials. Accordingly, surface defects and lattice distortion are produced, which allow the performance loss and notorious degradation in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In our work, judiciously selected conjugated ligand was employed as the film intermediary, from which rigid and delocalization 4-phenylpyridine (4-pPy) exhibited the most significant improvement on both optoelectrical performance and stability of PSCs. By regulating the film crystallization kinetics, high-quality perovskite films can be obtained with preferable crystal orientation. Moreover, benefiting from the defects passivation and unidirectional bonding effect, coordinated 4-pPy “scaffold” on the lattice surface could mitigate vacancy formation and lattice twist/fracture under severe conditions. The resulted p-i-n planar device shows a considerable PCE of 21.12% (certified 20.2%) with negligible hysteresis, as well as an excellent storage (90% of original PCE after 1000 h at 60% RH), operating (90% of original PCE after 600 h at maximum power point) and thermal stress (89% of original PCE after 500 h at 85 °C) stability. It is hoped that our findings could open a new way to accelerate continued progress on PSCs regimes for efficieny maximization and stability prolongation

The VocalNotes Dataset

The VocalNotes dataset is a collection of audio and annotations for excerpts of vocal performances from five musical traditions - Japanese Minyo, Chinese Hebei Bangzi opera, Russian traditional singing, Alpine yodel and Jewish Romaniote chant. For each tradition the dataset contains: about 10 minutes of audio; documentation for the songs from which annotated fragments originate; f0, independent onset, offset and note pitch annotations created by two or three experts; The dataset was created as part of the VocalNotes project [1]. It is released under CC-BY-NC-SA license and can be accessed by filling out a request form

Effects of Hunger on Visual Perception in Binocular Rivalry

The effect of hunger on visual perception is largely absent from contemporary vision science. Using a well-established visual phenomenon termed binocular rivalry, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of hunger on visual perception. A within-subject design was applied in which participants attended two sessions before and after their lunch or dinner, i.e., a hunger state and a satiated state. In Experiment 1, we found that the mean dominance times to food-related pictures were larger in the hungry condition than that in the satiated condition, while the mean dominance time to the non-food stimuli were unaffected. In Experiment 2, we found the times to break through continuous flash suppression (b-CFS) for both food-related and non-food-related pictures were not affected by hunger. In Experiment 3, a probe-detection task was conducted to address possible response-biases. Our findings provide evidence that hunger biases the dynamic process of binocular rivalry to unsuppressed and visible food stimuli, while processing suppressed and invisible food-related was unaffected. Our results support the notion that the top-down modulation by hunger on food-related visual perception is limited to visible stimuli

Based on MATLAB and Adams new pruning cutting edge shape and shear force simulation

Pruning is an indispensable tool for gardening. The pruning mechanism of pruning scissors and the shape of the cutting edge directly affect the efficiency of shear. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a new type of pruning scissors to improve the efficiency of garden work. It accords with the concept of green manufacturing energy-saving and environmental protection. The blade shape directly affects the shear efficiency. Therefore, the blade of the best Angle can improve the shear efficiency and save energy. According to the motion track of the moving blade and the shear mode. Using MATLAB software to simulate the shape of the blade of the best Angle. This work is instructive to the design of the blade. The force of the blade in the working process of shear force reaction scissors. Using Adams software, the dynamic simulation of tree branch was carried out. It is helpful to verify the shear performance of new pruning shears

Contributions of the striatum to movement control

The roles of the two substructures of the striatum, i.e., caudate and putamen, in voluntary motor control are less addressed. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the neural correlates of motor control while participants were asked to press with their right index finger, and to hold naturally, and then to relax, and we focused on whether the caudate and putamen were involved differently during the pressing, holding, and relaxation of the finger. Only the bilateral caudates were activated in the holding process, i.e., sustaining of the muscle contraction, and only bilateral putamen were activated in the relaxation process, along with subthalamus nucleus (STN). However, both the caudate and putamen were activated in the pressing process. We conclude that the two substructures of the striatum, i.e., caudate and putamen, play different roles in motor control; the caudate plays a more important role in muscle contraction, while the putamen plays a more important role in muscle relaxation. However, they cooperate together to accomplish a successful and smooth movement, in line with the modulation role of the basal ganglia in motor modulation. </div

Impacts of upper tropospheric cooling upon the late spring drought in East Asia simulated by a regional climate model

International audienceResponses of late spring (21 April 20 May) rainfall to the upper tropospheric cooling over East Asia are investigated with a regional climate model based on Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Zoom (LMDZ4-RCM). A control experiment is performed with two runs driven by the mean ERA-40 data during 1958 1977 and 1981 2000, respectively. The model reproduces the major decadal-scale circulation changes in late spring over East Asia, including a cooling in the upper troposphere and an anomalous meridional cell. Accordingly, the precipitation decrease is also captured in the southeast of the upper-level cooling region. To quantify the role of the upper-level cooling in the drought mechanism, a sensitivity experiment is further conducted with the cooling imposed in the upper troposphere. It is demonstrated that the upper-level cooling can generate the anomalous meridional cell and consequently the drought to the southeast of the cooling center. Therefore, upper tropospheric cooling should have played a dominant role in the observed late spring drought over Southeast China in recent decades

Intimate partner violence against married rural-to-urban migrant workers in eastern China: prevalence, patterns, and associated factors

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue among married rural-to-urban migrant workers, the largest group of internal migrants in China. This study aims to explore the prevalence, patterns and associated factors of intimate partner violence against married rural-to-urban migrant workers in eastern China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Zhejiang province in China between July 2015 and April 2016, and a total of 1,744 married rural-to-urban migrant workers ultimately took part in the study. Conflict Tactics Scales and several short demographic questions were applied. Data were principally analyzed with logistic regression. Results The majority of married rural-to-urban migrant workers were middle-aged couples with a low education level and a relatively long-term duration of migration in fixed migrant cities. Nearly 45% of married rural-to-urban migrant workers were experienced at least one incident of intimate partner violence during the past 12 months. The joint occurrence of multiple forms of violence is the most commonly reported features of intimate partner violence, especially three overlapping patterns of intimate partner violence. Some individual (education and age), relationship (marital satisfaction, premarital sex and extramarital affairs) and social (duration of migration and number of migratory cities) factors of the respondents, were negatively or positively associated with intimate partner violence against married rural-to-urban migrant workers. Conclusion The results indicated that one out of two married rural-to-urban migrant workers experienced at least one incident of intimate partner violence during the past 12 months in China. Accordingly, there is an obvious demand of intervention and treatment activities to prevent and reduce the occurrence of intimate partner violence among the millions of migrant workers in China