Probing triple-Higgs productions via 4b2γ4b2\gamma decay channel at a 100 TeV hadron collider

The quartic self-coupling of the Standard Model Higgs boson can only be measured by observing the triple-Higgs production process, but it is challenging for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run 2 or International Linear Collider (ILC) at a few TeV because of its extremely small production rate. In this paper, we present a detailed Monte Carlo simulation study of the triple-Higgs production through gluon fusion at a 100 TeV hadron collider and explore the feasibility of observing this production mode. We focus on the decay channel $HHH\rightarrow b\bar{b}b\bar{b}\gamma\gamma$, investigating detector effects and optimizing the kinematic cuts to discriminate the signal from the backgrounds. Our study shows that, in order to observe the Standard Model triple-Higgs signal, the integrated luminosity of a 100 TeV hadron collider should be greater than $1.8\times 10^4$ ab$^{-1}$. We also explore the dependence of the cross section upon the trilinear ($\lambda_3$) and quartic ($\lambda_4$) self-couplings of the Higgs. We find that, through a search in the triple-Higgs production, the parameters $\lambda_3$ and $\lambda_4$ can be restricted to the ranges $[-1, 5]$ and $[-20, 30]$, respectively. We also examine how new physics can change the production rate of triple-Higgs events. For example, in the singlet extension of the Standard Model, we find that the triple-Higgs production rate can be increased by a factor of $\mathcal{O}(10)$.Comment: 33 pages, 11 figures, added references, corrected typos, improved text, affiliation is changed. This is the publication versio

Tuning Pythia8 for future e+e−e^+e^- colliders

The majority of Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation campaigns for future $e^+e^-$ colliders has so far been based on the leading-order (LO) matrix elements provided by Whizard 1.95, followed by parton shower and hadronization in Pythia6, using the tune of the OPAL experiment at LEP. In this contribution, we test and develop the interface between Whizard3 and Pythia8. As a first step, we simulate the $e^+e^-\to q\bar{q}$ process with LO matrix elements, and compare three tunes in Pythia8: the standard Pythia8 tune, the OPAL tune and the ALEPH tune. At stable-hadron level, predictions of charged and neutral hadron multiplicities of these tunes are compared to LEP data, since they are strongly relevant to the performance of particle flow algorithms. The events are used to perform a full detector simulation and reconstruction of the International Large Detector concept (ILD) as an example for a particle-flow-optimised detector. At reconstruction level, a comparison of the jet energy resolution in these tunes is presented. We found good agreement with previous results that were simulated by Whizard1+Pythia6. In addition, the preliminary next-to-leading order (NLO) results are also presented. This modern MC simulation chain, with matched NLO matrix elements in the future, should be introduced to ILC or other future $e^+e^-$ colliders.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, LCWS 202

Sharp estimates and non-degeneracy of low energy nodal solutions for the Lane-Emden equation in dimension two

We study the Lane-Emden problem $$\begin{cases} -\Delta u_p =|u_p|^{p-1}u_p&\text{in}\quad \Omega, u_p=0 &\text{on}\quad\partial\Omega, \end{cases}$$ where $\Omega\subset\mathbb R^2$ is a smooth bounded domain and $p>1$ is sufficiently large. We obtain sharp estimates and non-degeneracy of low energy nodal solutions $u_p$ (i.e. nodal solutions satisfying $\lim_{p\to+\infty}p\int_{\Omega}|u_p|^{p+1}dx=16\pi e$). As applications, we prove that the comparable condition $p(\|u_p^+\|_{\infty}-\|u_p^-\|_{\infty})=O(1)$ holds automatically for least energy nodal solutions, which confirms a conjecture raised by (Grossi-Grumiau-Pacella, Ann.I.H. Poincare-AN, 30 (2013), 121-140) and (Grossi-Grumiau-Pacella, J.Math.Pures Appl. 101 (2014), 735-754)

Constraining rare B decays by μ+μ−→tc\mu^+\mu^-\to tc at future lepton colliders

Motivated by the recent rare B decays measurements, we study the matching procedure of operators $O_9, O_{10}$ in the low energy effective Hamiltonian and operators in the Standard Model effective theory (SMEFT). It is noticed that there are more related operators in the SMEFT whose coefficients can not be determined only from the low-energy data from B physics. We demonstrate how to determine these coefficients with some new physics models, like $Z^\prime$ model and leptoquark models, and then consider how to probe these operators of SMEFT at high energy by using the process $\mu^+\mu^-\to tc$ at future muon colliders, which can provide complementary information except for $\mu^+ \mu^- \to b s$ on the underlying models which lead to rare B decay processes. We perform a Monte Carlo study (a hadron level analysis) to show how to separate the signal events from the SM background events and estimate the sensitivity to the Wilson coefficients for different models.Comment: 29 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, added references, publication versio

An equivalent-effect phenomenon in eddy current non-destructive testing of thin structures

The inductance/impedance due to thin metallic structures in non-destructive testing (NDT) is difficult to evaluate. In particular, in Finite Element Method (FEM) eddy current simulation, an extremely fine mesh is required to accurately simulate skin effects especially at high frequencies, and this could cause an extremely large total mesh for the whole problem, i.e. including, for example, other surrounding structures and excitation sources like coils. Consequently, intensive computation requirements are needed. In this paper, an equivalent-effect phenomenon is found, which has revealed that alternative structures can produce the same effect on the sensor response, i.e. mutual impedance/inductance of coupled coils if a relationship (reciprocal relationship) between the electrical conductivity and the thickness of the structure is observed. By using this relationship, the mutual inductance/impedance can be calculated from the equivalent structures with much fewer mesh elements, which can significantly save the computation time. In eddy current NDT, coils inductance/impedance is normally used as a critical parameter for various industrial applications, such as flaw detection, coating and microstructure sensing. Theoretical derivation, measurements and simulations have been presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed phenomenon

Studying the Impact of Filling Information Gaps on the Output Quality of Neural Data-to-Text

Acknowledgments We would like to thank our reviewers for their insightful feedback and questions. The work presented here is partially funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), which funds Craig Thomson under a National Productivity Investment Fund Doctoral Studentship (EP/R512412/1).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Prospects of gravitational waves in the minimal left-right symmetric model

The left-right symmetric model (LRSM) is a well-motivated framework to restore parity and implement seesaw mechanisms for the tiny neutrino masses at or above the TeV-scale, and has a very rich phenomenology at both the high-energy and high-precision frontiers. In this paper we examine the phase transition and resultant gravitational waves (GWs) in the minimal version of LRSM. Taking into account all the theoretical and experimental constraints on LRSM, we identify the parameter regions with strong first-order phase transition and detectable GWs in the future experiments. It turns out in a sizeable region of the parameter space, GWs can be generated in the phase transition with the strength of $10^{-17}$ to $10^{-12}$ at the frequency of 0.1 to 10 Hz, which can be detected by BBO and DECIGO. Furthermore, GWs in the LRSM favor a relatively light $SU(2)_R$-breaking scalar $H_3^0$, which is largely complementary to the direct searches of a long-lived neutral scalar at the high-energy colliders. It is found that the other heavy scalars and the right-handed neutrinos in the LRSM also play an important part for GW signal production in the phase transition.Comment: 41 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables, added references, improved tex