Improving controllability of complex networks by rewiring links regularly

Network science have constantly been in the focus of research for the last decade, with considerable advances in the controllability of their structural. However, much less effort has been devoted to study that how to improve the controllability of complex networks. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to improve the controllability of complex networks by rewiring links regularly which transforms the network structure. Then it is demonstrated that our algorithm is very effective after numerical simulation experiment on typical network models (Erd\"os-R\'enyi and scale-free network). We find that our algorithm is mainly determined by the average degree and positive correlation of in-degree and out-degree of network and it has nothing to do with the network size. Furthermore, we analyze and discuss the correlation between controllability of complex networks and degree distribution index: power-law exponent and heterogeneit

HotStuff-2 vs. HotStuff: The Difference and Advantage

Byzantine consensus protocols are essential in blockchain technology. The widely recognized HotStuff protocol uses cryptographic measures for efficient view changes and reduced communication complexity. Recently, the main authors of HotStuff introduced an advanced iteration named HotStuff-2. This paper aims to compare the principles and analyze the effectiveness of both protocols, hoping to depict their key differences and assess the potential enhancements offered by HotStuff-2

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) Steel

In this paper, a Fe-based Mn-Ni–Cr–Mo high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel was prepared by using Vacuum melting, following by hot rolling with 78% deformation and various heat treatment processes. Microstructure were characterized by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer. Tensile tests were performed. After direct quenching (Q) from 860℃, the samples were subjected to secondary quenching (L) at different intercritical temperatures within the two-phase region and various tempering temperatures (T). Results show that QLT treatment increases elongation and decreases yield ratio compared with conventional quenching and tempering process (QT). The optimum QLT heat treatment parameter in terms of temperature are determined as Q: 860℃, L: 700℃, and T: 600℃, resulting in the better combined properties with yield strength of 756MPa, tensile strength of 820MPa, tensile elongation of 16.76% and yield ratio of 0.92

Complexation of Z-ligustilide with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin to improve stability and oral bioavailability

To improve the stability and oral bioavailability of Z-ligustilide (LIG), the inclusion complex of LIG with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was prepared by the kneading method and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. LIG is capable of forming an inclusion complex with HP-β-CD and the stoichiometry of the complex was 1:1. Stability of the inclusion complex against temperature and light was greatly enhanced compared to that of free LIG. Further, oral bioavailability of LIG and the inclusion complex in rats were studied and the plasma drug concentration-time curves fitted well with the non-compartment model to estimate the absolute bioavailability, which was 7.5 and 35.9 %, respectively. In conclusion, these results show that LIG/HP-β-CD complexation can be of great use for increasing the stability and biological efficacy of LIG