1,037 research outputs found
Determination of Dark Matter Halo Mass from Dynamics of Satellite Galaxies
We show that the mass of a dark matter halo can be inferred from the
dynamical status of its satellite galaxies. Using 9 dark-matter simulations of
halos like the Milky Way (MW), we find that the present-day substructures in
each halo follow a characteristic distribution in the phase space of orbital
binding energy and angular momentum, and that this distribution is similar from
halo to halo but has an intrinsic dependence on the halo formation history. We
construct this distribution directly from the simulations for a specific halo
and extend the result to halos of similar formation history but different
masses by scaling. The mass of an observed halo can then be estimated by
maximizing the likelihood in comparing the measured kinematic parameters of its
satellite galaxies with these distributions. We test the validity and accuracy
of this method with mock samples taken from the simulations. Using the
positions, radial velocities, and proper motions of 9 tracers and assuming
observational uncertainties comparable to those of MW satellite galaxies, we
find that the halo mass can be recovered to within 40%. The accuracy can
be improved to within 25% if 30 tracers are used. However, the dependence
of the phase-space distribution on the halo formation history sets a minimum
uncertainty of 20% that cannot be reduced by using more tracers. We
believe that this minimum uncertainty also applies to any mass determination
for a halo when the phase space information of other kinematic tracers is used.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 18 pages, 13 figure
Rigid vortices in MgB2
Magnetic relaxation of high-pressure synthesized MgB bulks with different
thickness is investigated. It is found that the superconducting dia-magnetic
moment depends on time in a logarithmic way; the flux-creep activation energy
decreases linearly with the current density (as expected by Kim-Anderson
model); and the activation energy increases linearly with the thickness of
sample when it is thinner than about 1 mm. These features suggest that the
vortices in the MgB are rather rigid, and the pinning and creep can be well
described by Kim-Anderson model.Comment: Typo corrected & reference adde
Modified Hertz-damp model for base-isolated structural pounding simulation under near-fault earthquakes
Pounding phenomenon between base-isolated structures under near-fault earthquakes has been widely investigated with various impact models around the world. Firstly, the existing impact analysis models are summarized and discussed in this paper. For the Hertz-damp impact model, the damping constant does not coincide with its physical fact. Then, the damping constant in the Hertz-damp impact analysis model was modified based on the Hertz theory. Next, the approximate formula of the damping constant is theoretically derived, and the effectiveness is verified by a simulation analysis. The numerical results show that the pounding can significantly increase the floor acceleration, especially at the isolation layer. In addition, the impact stiffness has a significant effect on the acceleration response, and the inter-story drifts are also sensitive to the variety of impact stiffness. The simulation results indicate that excessive flexibility at the base-isolated system may lead to a susceptible pounding with a limited seismic gap
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