Comparison of 16S rRNA gene libraries derived from healthy controls and FMF patients in remission and attack.

*<p>p<0.01, comparison of remission vs. control libraries.</p>**<p>p<0.01, comparison of attack vs. control libraries.</p>***<p>p<0.01, comparison of remission vs. attack libraries.</p

Mean numbers of predominant bacteria in fecal samples of FMF patients in both stages of the disease and healthy controls detected by FISH.

<p>Mean count±SD.</p>*<p>Counts 10⁸ cells per gram of fecal specimen.</p>**<p>The percentage relative to the total number of cells determined by Eub338.</p>†<p>p<0.05 as compared to healthy controls.</p>††<p>p<0.01 as compared to healthy controls.</p

Distribution of main bacterial groups in respect to colchicine treatment.

<p>Mean count±SD.</p>*<p>Counts 10⁸ cells per gram of fecal specimen.</p>**<p>The percentage relative to the total number of cells determined by Eub338.</p

Oligonucleotide probes and hybridization conditions used in this study.

*<p>T, Hybridization temperature (°C); F, Formamide concentration (%); L, Lysozyme treatment (min).</p

Collector's curves of the observed and estimated phylotype richness of 16S libraries.

<p>Collector's curves of the observed (shown in dark blue) and estimated (Chao1 (light blue) and ACE (red)) phylotype richness calculated for healthy subjects (A), FMF remission (B), and FMF attack (C) with the phylogenetic depth defined at 99% level.</p

Phylogenetic distribution of 16S rRNA gene sequences and phylotypes retrieved from healthy individuals and FMF patients in remission and attack.

*<p>OTUs were defined at 99% similarity level.</p

<i>MEFV</i> genotypes of FMF patients and control subjects and gut microbiota analysis methods applied.

<p>Control subjects denoted with prefix C; FMF patients denoted with prefix FMF.</p><p>Abbreviations: S, 16S library; F, FISH analysis; SR, 16S library in FMF remission; SA, 16S library in FMF attack; FR, FISH analysis in FMF remission; FA, FISH analysis in FMF attack; HT, heterozygote; HM, homozygote.</p>*<p>N/D, not detected.</p>**<p>N/A, not analyzed.</p

Comparison of the main bacterial groups identified by FISH between healthy and diseased groups.

<p>Comparative analysis of relative proportions of bacterial groups detected by different oligonucleotide probes in fecal samples between FMF patients in remission and attack periods and healthy control group (by Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple comparisons). On box-and-whisker plots the points within boxes indicate the mean values of bacterial proportions, the boxes represent standard errors (SE) and the vertical bars represent standard deviations (SD).</p

Distribution of main bacterial groups in two FMF patients in remission and attack.

<p>Mean count of the percentage relative to the total number of cells determined by Eub338 ± SD.</p>*<p>The values in parentheses are the absolute numbers of cells determined by Eub338 ± SD (counts 10⁸ cells per gram of fecal specimen).</p>†<p>N/D, not detected.</p

Indices of diversity, richness and evenness and library coverage for 16S rRNA gene libraries.

<p>Calculations were made based on OTU definition at 99% sequence identity.</p>*<p>The values in parentheses are the 95% confidence intervals, which assess the precision of the richness estimates.</p