A Game-theoretic Framework for Revenue Sharing in Edge-Cloud Computing System

We introduce a game-theoretic framework to ex- plore revenue sharing in an Edge-Cloud computing system, in which computing service providers at the edge of the Internet (edge providers) and computing service providers at the cloud (cloud providers) co-exist and collectively provide computing resources to clients (e.g., end users or applications) at the edge. Different from traditional cloud computing, the providers in an Edge-Cloud system are independent and self-interested. To achieve high system-level efficiency, the manager of the system adopts a task distribution mechanism to maximize the total revenue received from clients and also adopts a revenue sharing mechanism to split the received revenue among computing servers (and hence service providers). Under those system-level mechanisms, service providers attempt to game with the system in order to maximize their own utilities, by strategically allocating their resources (e.g., computing servers). Our framework models the competition among the providers in an Edge-Cloud system as a non-cooperative game. Our simulations and experiments on an emulation system have shown the existence of Nash equilibrium in such a game. We find that revenue sharing mechanisms have a significant impact on the system-level efficiency at Nash equilibria, and surprisingly the revenue sharing mechanism based directly on actual contributions can result in significantly worse system efficiency than Shapley value sharing mechanism and Ortmann proportional sharing mechanism. Our framework provides an effective economics approach to understanding and designing efficient Edge-Cloud computing systems

Finite time decoherence could be suppressed efficiently in photonic crystal

The decoherence of two initially entangled qubits in anisotropic band gap photonic crystal has been studied analytically without Born or Markovian approximation. It is shown that the decoherence dynamics of two qubits in photonic crystal is greatly different from that of two qubits in vacuum or subjected to usual non-Markovian reservoir. The results also show that the finite time decoherence invoked by spontaneous emission could be suppressed efficiently and the entanglement of the Bell state possesses odd parity is more easily preserved in photonic crystal than that of the Bell state possesses even parity under the same condition. A store scheme for entangled particle pair is proposed.Comment: 4 pages, 7 figure

Leptonic anomalous gauge couplings detection on electron positron colliders

We studied the dimension-6 leptonic anomalous gauge couplings in the formulation of linearly realized gauge symmetry effective Lagrangian and investigated the constraints on these anomalous couplings from the existed experimental data including LEP2 and $W$/$Z$ boson decay. Some bounds of $O(0.1-10){\rm TeV}^{-2}$ on four relevant anomalous couplings are given by the Z factories. We studied the sensitivity of testing the leptonic anomalous couplings via the process $e^+e^-\rightarrow W^+W^-$ at future $e^+e^-$ linear colliders. We discussed different sensitivities to anomalous couplings at polarized and unpolarized $e^+e^-$ colliders, respectively, with 500 GeV and 1 TeV collision energy. Our results show that the a 500 GeV ILC can provide a test of the anomalous couplings, with the same relative uncertainty of cross section measurement, of $O(0.1-1){\rm TeV}^{-2}$, and a 1 TeV ILC can test the anomalous couplings of $O(0.01-0.1){\rm TeV}^{-2}$.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures. feynman rules of $eeWW$ and $vvWW$ vertex corrected; correspongding results (of $f_7$and $f_24$) revise

Channel and Bundling Strategies:Forging a “win-win” Paradigm in Product and Service Operations

While many companies have benefited from online sales as their sole sales channel with the rapid growth of online retailing, this approach has limitations, especially for products that contain non-digital information and require a complementary service to fully attract customers. Sellers of these types of products are actively considering or have already adopted a multichannel strategy, which includes maintaining the existing online channel and opening physical brick-and-mortar stores. To stimulate sales, the service operator may consider offering a product bundle with the product manufacturer by providing subsidies to them. Decisions on product bundling could potentially facilitate or pose barriers to channel expansion. This study employs a game-theoretic model to explore the optimal pricing, multichannel and bundling strategies for a product manufacturer and a service operator who offer the core products with ancillary services in either bundled or non-bundled format. Our equilibrium analysis yields several insights. First, the manufacturer’s offline expansion allows customers who visit in-store to try and inspect the product, which raises not only the offline price but also the manufacturer’s online price. Interestingly, this price increase is more significant for the bundled format compared to the non-bundled format. Second, the bundling strategy influences the manufacturer’s decision to expand into multichannel operations. Specifically, product bundling incentivises multichannel expansion if the newly added physical stores can attract a significant number of new customers, indicating that demand spillover is significant. Conversely, product bundling may deter multichannel expansion if the online hassle cost is moderate