Constructions of Almost Optimal Resilient Boolean Functions on Large Even Number of Variables

In this paper, a technique on constructing nonlinear resilient Boolean functions is described. By using several sets of disjoint spectra functions on a small number of variables, an almost optimal resilient function on a large even number of variables can be constructed. It is shown that given any $m$, one can construct infinitely many $n$-variable ($n$ even), $m$-resilient functions with nonlinearity $>2^{n-1}-2^{n/2}$. A large class of highly nonlinear resilient functions which were not known are obtained. Then one method to optimize the degree of the constructed functions is proposed. Last, an improved version of the main construction is given.Comment: 14 pages, 2 table

The essential JIL-1 kinase regulates histone H3 phosphorylation and maintains chromatin structure in Drosophila

JIL-1 encodes a chromatin-associated tandem serine/threonine kinase in Drosophila melanogaster. JIL-1 predominantly associates with interbands on polytene chromosomes. It appears at higher levels on the X chromosome than on autosomes in males, and distributes about equally on all chromosomes in females. In addition, in males JIL-1 overlaps with the MSL (for male specific lethal) complex that specifically associates with the male X chromosome on which expression of most genes are upregulated.;We isolated JIL-1 mutants by inducing imprecise excision of an EP element inserted in JIL-1. We found that JIL-1 is required for viability of both females and males, but male viability is more sensitive to reduction of JIL-1 levels. Additionally, JIL-1 is required for embryogenesis, oogenesis and segment identity. Polytene chromosomes from JIL-1 mutant third instar larvae are shortened, coiled and lose their banding patterns, suggesting that JIL-1 plays a role in maintaining higher order chromatin structure. JIL-1 mutants show reduced levels of histone H3 serine10 (ser10) phosphorylation. The higher level of histone H3 ser10 phosphorylation on the male X chromosome is dependent upon JIL-1. However, the level of histone H3 ser10 phosphorylation in mitotic cells is similar between JIL-1 mutants and wild type, suggesting that JIL-1 mainly controls histone H3 ser10 phosphorylation in interphase.;JIL-1 kinase domain I (KDI) interacts with Lola ZF5, a splice isoform of the lola locus. Most Lola isoforms belong to the class of BTB (for b&barbelow;ric-a-brac, t&barbelow;ramtrack, and B&barbelow;road-complex) domain containing zinc finger proteins while two of them contain no zinc finger motif. A lola P-element mutation potentially disrupting all isoforms partially suppresses the reduced hatch rate phenotype in JIL-1EP(3)3657/JIL-1 EP(3)3657 embryos. The mode of interaction between lola and JIL-1 is consistent with the general nature of BTB zinc finger proteins as transcription repressors, and suggests possible mechanisms through which other proteins can modify JIL-1 functions or JIL-1 regulates other proteins involved in chromatin organization

Language Policy and Language Planning: A Comparative Perspective of Economics and Linguistics

Language planning refers to a kind of humanly-conscious intervention within certain limits in the process of language selection. It has not only something to do with the language itself, but is far more involved in such issues as the adjustments of the relations among people or between people and society through language problems. The traditional analysis on language planning is mainly based on sociolinguistic theories, which tends to emphasize the basic concepts and categories in this area so that, at the macro level of public policy, neither practical nor reasonable measures have been able to brought up. The economic rational-choice theory and the cost-benefit analytical method, however, can effectively compensate for the weaknesses of the traditional studies of language planning, and greatly enrich the development of language planning. This paper reviews the connotation and denotation of language policies and language planning in details, discusses the significance and feasibility of conducting economic analysis and research on these two issues, and makes a comparison between the traditional sociolinguistic analysis and the new-rising economic analysis on language planning.language policy; language planning; economics of language