Clinical analysis of 103 cases of invasive pulmonary fungal infection

目的  分析侵袭性肺部真菌感染（IPFI）的临床特点，探讨防治对策。方法  对103例IPFI的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果  IPFI以COPD、支气管肺癌多见，滥用抗生素等是主要危险因素；念珠菌属占57.3%，其次为曲霉菌属占32.0%；病死率为20.4%。结论  IPFI是在多种诱发因素下继发的肺部感染，原发性IPFI少见；其病死率高，重视易患因素的控制、尽早诊断，综合治疗可降低死亡率。Objective: To analyze the clinical features of invasive pulmonary fungal infection (IPFI), and to explore the prevention and treatment of IPFI. Methods: Clinical data of 103 cases with IPFI diagnosed in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results: COPD, bronchial lung cancer, and the abuse of antibiotics were the main risk factors of IPFI, among which Candida albicans accounted for 57.3% and Aspergillus species accounted for 32%in all cases. The mortality of IPFI patients was 20.4%. Conclusions: IPFI is a secondary pulmonary infection because of variety of predisposing factors, and its mortality rate is high. Early diagnosing, effective treatment for the fungus and enhancing the nutrition are good for IPFI

The long-lasting optical afterglow plateau of short burst GRB 130912A

The short burst GRB 130912A was detected by Swift, Fermi satellites and several ground-based optical telescopes. Its X-ray light curve decayed with time normally. The optical emission, however, displayed a long term plateau, which is the longest one in current short GRB observations. In this work we examine the physical origin of the X-ray and optical emission of this peculiar event. We find that the canonical forward shock afterglow emission model can account for the X-ray and optical data self-consistently and the energy injection model that has been widely adopted to interpret the shallowly-decaying afterglow emission is not needed. We also find that the burst was born in a very-low density interstellar medium, consistent with the compact object merger model. Significant fractions of the energy of the forward shock have been given to accelerate the non-thermal electrons and amplify the magnetic fields (i.e., $\epsilon_{\rm e}\sim 0.37$ and $\epsilon_{\rm B}\sim 0.16$, respectively), which are much larger than those inferred in most short burst afterglow modeling and can explain why the long-lasting optical afterglow plateau is rare in short GRBs.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Crystal Polymorph Control for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors

Organic molecules are assembled together by weak non-covalent intermolecular interactions in solid state. Multiple crystalline packing states (crystal polymorphism) have commonly existed in the active layer for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Different polymorphs, even with the slightest changes in their molecular packing, can differ the charge transport mobility by orders of magnitude. Therefore, accessing new polymorphs can serve as a novel design strategy for attaining high device performance. Here, we review the state of the art in this emerging field of crystal polymorph control. We firstly introduce the role of polymorphism and the methods of polymorph control in organic semiconductors. Then we review the latest studies on the performance of polymorphs in OFET devices. Finally, we discuss the advantages and challenges for polymorphism as a platform for the study of the relationship between molecular packing and charge transport

Limits of single-photon storage in a single Λ\Lambda-type atom

We theoretically investigate the limits of single-photon storage in a single $\Lambda$-type atom, specifically the trade-off between storage efficiency and storage speed. We show that a control field can accelerate the storage process without degrading efficiency too much. However, the storage speed is ultimately limited by the total decay rate of the involved excited state. For a single-photon pulse propagating in a regular one-dimensional waveguide, the storage efficiency has an upper limit of $50 \%$. Perfect single-photon storage can be achieved by using a chiral waveguide or the Sagnac interferometry. By comparing the storage efficiencies of Fock-state and coherent-state pulses, we reveal the influence of quantum statistics of light on photon storage at the single-photon level.Comment: 10 pages and 10 figure