Проект цеха магнийтермического восстановления бериллия, производительностью 30 тонн в год

Данный дипломный проект посвящен проектированию цеха для получения металлического бериллия производительностью 30 тонн в год. В ходе проекта проведён литературный обзор существующих методов получения металлического бериллия, проанализированы их основные достоинства и недостатки. Из известных методов выбран магнийтермический метод получения бериллия в индукционной печи. По результатам материального баланса произведен аппаратурный и гидравлический расчёты индукционной печи. Кроме того, предложена функциональная схема автоматизации производства, рассмотрены основные опасности и вредности.This thesis project is dedicated to the design shop for beryllium metal production capacity of 30 tons per year. The project conducted a literature review of existing methods of producing metal beryllium, analyzed their main advantages and disadvantages. Of the known methods of obtaining a method selected beryllium with magnesium in an induction furnace. As a result of the material balance carried Apparatus and hydraulic calculations of the induction furnace. In addition, the proposed functional automation of production scheme, the basic risks and hazards

Advanced Mapping of the Seafloor Using Sea Vehicle Mounted Sounding Technologies

A large proportion of the Earth’s surface is the deep sea. Numerous fields require access to seafloor topography and geomorphology. With the emergence of different types of underwater vehicles, especially the commercialization of near-seafloor micro-topographical mapping sonars, near-seafloor micro-topographical detection in the deep sea is possible. Near-seafloor micro-topographical exploration allows accurate detection of the seafloor using multibeam echosounder, side-scan sonar, and bathymetric side-scan sonar carried on-board various vehicles, including deep-tow, autonomous underwater vehicles, remotely operated vehicles, and human-occupied vehicles. Near-seafloor micro-topographical detection can obtain more accurate micro-topography and micro-geomorphology of the seafloor compared to full sea depth topographical detection. In this chapter, the basic principles of three types of near-seafloor micro-topographical mapping sonars are analyzed. Then, four types of underwater vehicles that are suitable for near-seafloor micro-topographical mapping are briefly discussed. Factors affecting mapping and detection results are presented using the Jiaolong human-occupied vehicle and its bathymetric side-scan sonar as an example. Next, the entire data processing and mapping methods are described. Finally, two typical detection results obtained by the Jiaolong bathymetric side-scan sonar in deep-sea are given

Development and Properties of Sulfate-resistant and Corrosion-inhibiting Admixtures

Sulfate and chloride-induced corrosion of concrete and steel reinforcement are the most important causes of premature failure of durability of concrete structures. To prevent damage in concrete structures, the application of sulfate-resistant and corrosion-inhibiting admixtures has proven to be an effective method. In this study, a new type of corrosion-inhibiting admixtures including organic and special inorganic components are developed and the properties of mortar mixed with them was investigated. The results show that NC-CZ series of sulfate-resistant and corrosion-inhibiting admixtures have been successfully developed. The mortar with NC-CZ has good resistance to sulfate attack, whose corrosion resistance coefficient of mortar is 1.07, meeting the standard requirement and even larger than that of moderate sulfate-resistant Portland cement. The diffusion coefficient of chloride ion at 28d decreases by 35% around. Meanwhile, the water absorption is obviously decreased. The steel bars in mortar mixed with corrosion-inhibiting admixtures don’t occur rusting. By contrast, the steel bars in mortar without corrosion-inhibiting admixtures occur rusting, whose area rate of corrosion is more than 20%. This study could lead to significant benefits for durability and service life of reinforced concrete structures in China

Evaluation of CO2, He, C1-C5 gaseous hydrocarbons at an engineered CO2 injection, Cranfield, Mississippi

Bureau of Economic Geolog

Study on Performance of Negative Temperature and High Strength Bed Mortar Material for Wind Power Engineering

As the development process of affordable wind power projects accelerates, the height of tower hub shows a trend of development to 150m above. The technology of steel and concrete is widely applied. Bed mortar material, as the bonding material between precast concrete rings, is the key material to ensure the lifting speed of steel and concrete tower for wind power. In this study, the basic formula of negative temperature and high strength bed mortar material was explored, and its working performance and strength development under different curing conditions were further studied. The results show that the developed bed mortar material has excellent thixotropy and it is still operable at 50min. Under the condition of negative temperature curing, the early strength of bed mortar material is high, and the late strength develops well. Curing at ultra-low temperature of -15℃, the strength of -1d is 35.4MPa, and the strength of -7+21d is over 90MPa. In the outdoor natural curing environment of alternating positive and negative temperatures, the strength of 1d reaches 51.1MPa, the strength of 60d is 113.2MPa. The performance of bed mortar material far meets the requirements of the strength grade of 80MPa which is used in winter construction of wind power engineering

Benchmarking Component Analysis of Remanent Magnetization Curves With a Synthetic Mixture Series: Insight into the Reliability of Unmixing Natural Samples

Geological samples often contain several magnetic components associated with different geological processes. Component analysis of remanent magnetization curves has been widely applied to decompose convoluted information. However, the reliability of commonly used methods is poorly assessed as independent verification is rarely available. For this purpose, we designed an experiment using a series of mixtures of two endmembers to benchmark unmixing methods for isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) acquisition curves. First‐order reversal curves (FORC) diagrams were analyzed for comparison. It is demonstrated that the parametric method, which unmixes samples using specific probability distributions, may result in biased estimates. In contrast, an endmember‐based IRM unmixing approach yielded better quantitative results, which are comparable to the results obtained by FORC analysis based on principle component analysis (FORC‐PCA). We demonstrate that endmember‐based methods are in principle more suitable for unmixing a collection of samples with common endmembers; however, the level of decomposition will vary depending on the difference between the true endmembers that are associated with distinctive processes and the empirical endmembers used for unmixing. When it is desired to further decompose endmembers, the parametric unmixing approach remains a valuable means of inferring their underlying components. We illustrate that the results obtained by endmember‐based and parametric methods can be quantitatively combined to provide improved unmixing results at the level of parametric model distributions.The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41621004 and 41904070) and the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB18010000). This study was also supported by the National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR) through Advanced Project (KP‐7 and KP306) and JSPS KAKENHI grants (15K13581, 16H04068, 17H06321, and 18K13638). X. Z. acknowledges the Australian Research Council Discovery Projects DP200100765 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 41920104009) for financial supports

The abundance of homoeologue transcripts is disrupted by hybridization and is partially restored by genome doubling in synthetic hexaploid wheat

Dataset S7. List of nonadditively expressed genes in F1 hybrids derived from AS2255 × AS60. (XLSX 72 kb

Analysis on consumption of drinking water among the population over the age of 3 in sixteen provinces of China

Objective This study aims to investigate the consumption of packaged drinking water in sixteen provinces in China, and provide scientific basis for related food safety risk assessment. Methods The data was from the resident food consumption survey by China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, including 43 319 residents above 3 years old from 16 provinces during 2013-2014. The database establishment and data analysis were conducted by SAS 9.4. χ2 test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the consumption and influencing factors of barreled drinking water and bottled drinking water. Results The consumption percentage of barreled water was 26.2% and the consumption percentage of bottled water was 14.4%. The average consumption of bottled water was 249.7 mL/d and the average consumption of bottled water was 56.4 mL/d, the average consumption of barreled water for consumers was 951.6 mL/d, and the average consumer consumption bottled water was 392.2 mL/d. The consumption percentage, consumption of whole population and consumers for barreled drinking water and bottled drinking water in male were higher than that in female. The consumption percentage, consumption of whole population and consumers for barreled drinking water in population with income under 10 000 yuan were higher than that in other groups. The consumption percentage, consumption of whole population and consumers for bottled drinking water in population with income over 30 000 yuan were higher than that in other groups. The consumption percentage, consumption of whole population and consumers for bottled water in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas, while it was the opposite for barreled drinking water. In addition, the consumption were also affected by age, education level and other factors. Conclusion The consumption and consumption percentage of drinking water were relatively low in China. The consumption of drinking water varies among different populations in China, the consumption of barreled drinking water and bottled drinking water was related to age, education, family income and region factors