91 research outputs found
A Reliable Multipath Routing Protocol Based on Link Stability
Wireless NanoSensor Network (WNSN) is a new type of sensor network with broad
application prospects. In view of the limited energy of nanonodes and unstable
links in WNSNs, we propose a reliable multi-path routing based on link
stability (RMRLS). RMRLS selects the optimal path which perfects best in the
link stability evaluation model, and then selects an alternative route by the
routing similarity judgment model. RMRLS uses tew paths to cope with changes in
the network topology. The simulation shows that the RMRLS protocol has
advantages in data packet transmission success rate and average throughput,
which can improve the stability and reliability of the network
Crafting Training Degradation Distribution for the Accuracy-Generalization Trade-off in Real-World Super-Resolution
Super-resolution (SR) techniques designed for real-world applications
commonly encounter two primary challenges: generalization performance and
restoration accuracy. We demonstrate that when methods are trained using
complex, large-range degradations to enhance generalization, a decline in
accuracy is inevitable. However, since the degradation in a certain real-world
applications typically exhibits a limited variation range, it becomes feasible
to strike a trade-off between generalization performance and testing accuracy
within this scope. In this work, we introduce a novel approach to craft
training degradation distributions using a small set of reference images. Our
strategy is founded upon the binned representation of the degradation space and
the Fr\'echet distance between degradation distributions. Our results indicate
that the proposed technique significantly improves the performance of test
images while preserving generalization capabilities in real-world applications.Comment: This paper has been accepted to ICML 202
Super-Resolution by Predicting Offsets: An Ultra-Efficient Super-Resolution Network for Rasterized Images
Rendering high-resolution (HR) graphics brings substantial computational
costs. Efficient graphics super-resolution (SR) methods may achieve HR
rendering with small computing resources and have attracted extensive research
interests in industry and research communities. We present a new method for
real-time SR for computer graphics, namely Super-Resolution by Predicting
Offsets (SRPO). Our algorithm divides the image into two parts for processing,
i.e., sharp edges and flatter areas. For edges, different from the previous SR
methods that take the anti-aliased images as inputs, our proposed SRPO takes
advantage of the characteristics of rasterized images to conduct SR on the
rasterized images. To complement the residual between HR and low-resolution
(LR) rasterized images, we train an ultra-efficient network to predict the
offset maps to move the appropriate surrounding pixels to the new positions.
For flat areas, we found simple interpolation methods can already generate
reasonable output. We finally use a guided fusion operation to integrate the
sharp edges generated by the network and flat areas by the interpolation method
to get the final SR image. The proposed network only contains 8,434 parameters
and can be accelerated by network quantization. Extensive experiments show that
the proposed SRPO can achieve superior visual effects at a smaller
computational cost than the existing state-of-the-art methods.Comment: This article has been accepted by ECCV202
Fast Learning Radiance Fields by Shooting Much Fewer Rays
Learning radiance fields has shown remarkable results for novel view
synthesis. The learning procedure usually costs lots of time, which motivates
the latest methods to speed up the learning procedure by learning without
neural networks or using more efficient data structures. However, these
specially designed approaches do not work for most of radiance fields based
methods. To resolve this issue, we introduce a general strategy to speed up the
learning procedure for almost all radiance fields based methods. Our key idea
is to reduce the redundancy by shooting much fewer rays in the multi-view
volume rendering procedure which is the base for almost all radiance fields
based methods. We find that shooting rays at pixels with dramatic color change
not only significantly reduces the training burden but also barely affects the
accuracy of the learned radiance fields. In addition, we also adaptively
subdivide each view into a quadtree according to the average rendering error in
each node in the tree, which makes us dynamically shoot more rays in more
complex regions with larger rendering error. We evaluate our method with
different radiance fields based methods under the widely used benchmarks.
Experimental results show that our method achieves comparable accuracy to the
state-of-the-art with much faster training.Comment: Accepted by lEEE Transactions on lmage Processing 2023. Project Page:
https://zparquet.github.io/Fast-Learning . Code:
https://github.com/zParquet/Fast-Learnin
Privacy-preserving design of graph neural networks with applications to vertical federated learning
The paradigm of vertical federated learning (VFL), where institutions
collaboratively train machine learning models via combining each other's local
feature or label information, has achieved great success in applications to
financial risk management (FRM). The surging developments of graph
representation learning (GRL) have opened up new opportunities for FRM
applications under FL via efficiently utilizing the graph-structured data
generated from underlying transaction networks. Meanwhile, transaction
information is often considered highly sensitive. To prevent data leakage
during training, it is critical to develop FL protocols with formal privacy
guarantees. In this paper, we present an end-to-end GRL framework in the VFL
setting called VESPER, which is built upon a general privatization scheme
termed perturbed message passing (PMP) that allows the privatization of many
popular graph neural architectures.Based on PMP, we discuss the strengths and
weaknesses of specific design choices of concrete graph neural architectures
and provide solutions and improvements for both dense and sparse graphs.
Extensive empirical evaluations over both public datasets and an industry
dataset demonstrate that VESPER is capable of training high-performance GNN
models over both sparse and dense graphs under reasonable privacy budgets
HeteroNet: Heterophily-aware Representation Learning on Heterogenerous Graphs
Real-world graphs are typically complex, exhibiting heterogeneity in the
global structure, as well as strong heterophily within local neighborhoods.
While a growing body of literature has revealed the limitations of common graph
neural networks (GNNs) in handling homogeneous graphs with heterophily, little
work has been conducted on investigating the heterophily properties in the
context of heterogeneous graphs. To bridge this research gap, we identify the
heterophily in heterogeneous graphs using metapaths and propose two practical
metrics to quantitatively describe the levels of heterophily. Through in-depth
investigations on several real-world heterogeneous graphs exhibiting varying
levels of heterophily, we have observed that heterogeneous graph neural
networks (HGNNs), which inherit many mechanisms from GNNs designed for
homogeneous graphs, fail to generalize to heterogeneous graphs with heterophily
or low level of homophily. To address the challenge, we present HeteroNet,
a heterophily-aware HGNN that incorporates both masked metapath prediction and
masked label prediction tasks to effectively and flexibly handle both
homophilic and heterophilic heterogeneous graphs. We evaluate the performance
of HeteroNet on five real-world heterogeneous graph benchmarks with varying
levels of heterophily. The results demonstrate that HeteroNet outperforms
strong baselines in the semi-supervised node classification task, providing
valuable insights into effectively handling more complex heterogeneous graphs.Comment: Preprin
Association between pregnancy and pregnancy loss with COPD in Chinese women: The China Kadoorie Biobank study
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory lung disease characterized by airflow blockage. Pregnancy and pregnancy loss may be related to an elevated risk of COPD, although studies have yet to report on this association. Hence, this study aims to investigate the association between pregnancy and pregnancy loss with the risk of COPD among Chinese women. Methods Data on 302,510 female participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank were utilized for this study. Multivariable logistic regression, stratified by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, was employed to obtain the odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between pregnancy and pregnancy loss with COPD. Results Pregnancy loss was significantly associated with increased risk of COPD (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.13–1.25), specifically, spontaneous (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.11–1.29) and induced abortion (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.12–1.25). Stillbirth, however, was not significantly associated with the risk of COPD (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.99–1.20). Increasing number of pregnancy losses was associated with increasing risk of COPD (one pregnancy loss: OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07–1.21, two or more pregnancy loss: OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.17–1.32, and each additional pregnancy loss: OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.09). A single pregnancy was significantly associated with reduced risk of COPD (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59–0.97), although each additional pregnancy was significantly associated with increased risk of COPD (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.04). Conclusion Pregnancy loss, in particular, spontaneous and induced abortions are associated with increased risk of COPD among Chinese women. A single pregnancy, however, demonstrated protective effects
Fe-assisted epitaxial growth of 4-inch single-crystal transition-metal dichalcogenides on c-plane sapphire without miscut angle
Epitaxial growth and controllable doping of wafer-scale single-crystal
transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are two central tasks for extending
Moore's law beyond silicon. However, despite considerable efforts, addressing
such crucial issues simultaneously under two-dimensional (2D) confinement is
yet to be realized. Here we design an ingenious epitaxial strategy to
synthesize record-breaking 4-inch single-crystal Fe-doped TMDCs monolayers on
industry-compatible c-plane sapphire without miscut angle. In-depth
characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the introduction of
Fe significantly decreases the formation energy of parallel steps on sapphire
surfaces and contributes to the edge-nucleation of unidirectional TMDCs domains
(>99%). The ultrahigh electron mobility (~86 cm2 V -1 s-1) and remarkable
on/off current ratio (~108) are discovered on 4-inch single-crystal Fe-MoS2
monolayers due to the ultralow contact resistance and perfect Ohmic contact
with metal electrodes. This work represents a substantial leap in terms of
bridging the synthesis and doping of wafer-scale single-crystal 2D
semiconductors without the need for substrate miscut, which should promote the
further device downscaling and extension of Moore's law.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure
Wear particles enhance autophagy through up-regulation of CD147 to promote osteoclastogenesis
Objective(s): The study aimed to uncover the underlying mechanism linking wear particles to osteoclast differentiation, and we explored the effect of titanium particles of different sizes on CD147 expression and autophagy in macrophages. Materials and Methods: Effects of titanium particles on CD147 and RANKL mRNA were detected by QPCR; protein level of CD147 and Beclin-1 were detected by Western blot; soluble RANKL were detected by ELISA. To determine the effect of CD147 and autophagy, KG-1a cells were transfected with siRNA-CD147 or treated with autophagy inhibitor CQ (chloroquine), and then co-cultured with different sizes of titanium particles.Results: Our results showed that 0.2-1.2 µm and 1.2-10 µm titanium particles up-regulate CD147 to activate autophagy, which increase the level of soluble RANKL to promote osteoclastogenesis. Suppression of CD147 with siRNA could diminish particle-induced autophagy and soluble RANKL expression. In addition, CQ could dramatically reduce particle-induced soluble RANKL expression. Conclusion: Our findings suggested a possible mechanism underlying wear debris-induced osteolysis and identified CD147 as a potential therapeutic target in aseptic loosening
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