Study of Evolution Model of China Education and Research Network

By searching the hyperlinks with domain name “.edu.cn” which constitutes the China Education and Research Network, we build a complex directed network containing 366,422 web pages containing 540,755 URLs. These URLs constitute a complex directed network through self-organization. By analyzing the topology of China Education and Research Network, we found that it is different from the common Internet in several aspects. Most of the vertices have incoming links, a few vertices have outgoing links, and very few vertices have both incoming and outgoing links. The vertex distribution has a power-law tail. A large proportion of newly added edges always connect with those pages selected from one subnetwork that they belong to, instead of connecting with the pages selected from the whole network. According to these features, we presented the evolution model of this complex directed network. The results indicate that this model reflects some main characteristics of China Education and Research Network

Development of a New Dual-Cylinder Rotary Compressor for VI System

On the vapor compression refrigeration system, Vapor injection (VI, the phase separator type injection or the internal heat exchanger type injection) compression cycle’s superiority over non-injection cycle has been well known. VI system produces the high heating/cooling capacity, and its power consumption is less than the non-injection system. But if a VI compression cycle uses a single rotary compressor, there is the problem that refrigerant injection increases the indicated power by mixture loss. If we use a two-stage rotary compressor, indicated power also increases because of its two times exhaust process. To solve these problems, we developed a new dual-cylinder rotary compressor for VI systems, one of the cylinders is used to compress the gas from the evaporator, and the other is used to compress the gas from the phase separator (flash-tank). Its design method is discussed and its performance under different conditions is analyzed

Improved Biclique Cryptanalysis of the Lightweight Block Cipher Piccolo

Biclique cryptanalysis is a typical attack through finding a biclique which is a type of bipartite diagram to reduce the computational complexity. By investigating the subkey distribution and the encryption structure, we find out a weakness in the key schedule of Piccolo-80. A 6-round biclique is constructed for Piccolo-80 and a 7-round biclique for Piccolo-128. Then a full round biclique cryptanalysis of Piccolo is presented. The results of the attacks are with data complexity of 240 and 224 chosen ciphertexts and with computational complexity of 279.22 and 2127.14, respectively. They are superior to other known results of biclique cryptanalytic on Piccolo

Future climate impacts on global agricultural yields over the 21st century

Analyses of the future impacts of changing crop yields on agricultural production, prices, food security, and GDP growth using Integrated Assessment models require country-level yield shocks due to changing weather conditions, for a wide range of crops and warming scenarios. We characterize impacts of different climate futures on crop yields for individual countries and years. We use historical crop yield and weather data to empirically estimate annual crop yield responses to temperature and precipitation, constructing reduced-form statistical models that are then coupled with earth system model outputs for the same variables to project future yields. Our main result is a panel of annual shocks to yields of 12 crops (cassava, cotton, maize, potatoes, rice, sorghum, soybean, sugar beet, sugarcane, sunflower, and winter and spring wheat) for 58–136 countries, depending on the crop, through 2099, under moderate and vigorous warming scenarios. We find that global yield impacts by century’s end (2086–2095) are − 2%, − 19%, − 14%, and − 1%, without the CO2 fertilization effect (CFE), for maize, rice, soybean, and wheat, respectively, with similar global values with CFE. However, the global and decadal averages mask regional and year-to-year differences that may have large economic consequences, which IAMs could more fully address by representing agricultural yield impacts through the parameters supplied by our study.https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abadcbPublished versio

Role of tumor-associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma: impact, mechanism, and therapy

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly frequent malignancy worldwide. The occurrence and progression of HCC is a complex process closely related to the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The polarization of TAMs is affected by a variety of signaling pathways and surrounding cells. Evidence has shown that TAMs play a crucial role in HCC, through its interaction with other immune cells in the TME. This review summarizes the origin and phenotypic polarization of TAMs, their potential impacts on HCC, and their mechanisms and potential targets for HCC immunotherapy

Atomistic simulations of thermodynamic properties of liquid gallium from first principles

In the research of condensed matter, atomistic dynamic simulations play a crucial role, particularly in revealing dynamic processes, phase transitions and thermodynamic statistics macroscopic physical properties in systems such as solids and liquids. For a long time, simulating complex and disordered liquids has been a challenge compared to ordered crystalline structures. The primary reasons for this challenge are the lack of precise force field functions and the neglect of nuclear quantum effects. To overcome these two limits in simulation of liquids, we use a deep potential (DP) with quantum thermal bath (QTB) approach. DP is a machine learning model are sampled from density functional theory and able to do large-scale atomic simulations with its precision. QTB is a method which incorporates nuclear quantum effects by quantum fluctuation dissipation. The application of this first principles approach enable us to successfully describe the phase transition processes in solid and liquid Gallium (Ga) as well as the associated dynamic phenomena. More importantly, we obtain the thermodynamic properties of liquid Ga, such as internal energy, specific heat, enthalpy change, entropy and Gibbs free energy, and these results align remarkably well with experiments. Our research has opened up a new paradigm for the study of dynamics and thermodynamics in liquids, amorphous materials, and other disordered systems, providing valuable insights and references for future investigations.Comment: 7 pages, 11 figures for maintext; 6pages, 8 figures for supplementary material