Reduced glutamine synthetase activity alters the fecundity of female Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a key enzyme in glutamine synthesis and is associated with multiple physiological processes in insects, such as embryonic development, heat shock response, and fecundity regulation. However, little is known about the influence of GS on female fecundity in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. Based on the cloning of BdGSs, mitochondrial BdGSm and cytoplasmic BdGSc, we determined their expressions in the tissues of adult B. dorsalis. BdGSm was highly expressed in the fat body, while BdGSc was highly expressed in the head and midgut. Gene silencing by RNA interference against two BdGSs isoforms suppressed target gene expression at the transcriptional level, leading to a reduced ovarian size and lower egg production. The specific inhibitor L-methionine S-sulfoximine suppressed enzyme activity, but only the gene expression of BdGSm was suppressed. A similar phenotype of delayed ovarian development occurred in the inhibitor bioassay. Significantly lower expression of vitellogenin and vitellogenin receptor was observed when GS enzyme activity was suppressed. These data illustrate the effects of two GS genes on adult fecundity by regulating vitellogenin synthesis in different ways

Rapid analysis of the bioactive components in Saxifraga stolonifera, an edible and medicinal herb with anti-tumor effects, by HPLC-DAD, ESI/MSn

Saxifraga stolonifera is an edible and herbaceous plant, which has been demonstrated to have anti-tumor effects in vivo and in vitro. The aim of this paper is to determine the main bioactive components inS. stolonifera, and their distribution in different parts of S. stolonifera and in S. stolonifera that was cultivated in different places in China using a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector and electrospray ionization/ion trap mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn). Four main components were identified and three were quantified. The contents of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and bergenin had significant differences not only between the roots and stems-leaves of the plant, but also among different cultivated varieties of S. stolonifera. The experiment showed that the method used here exhibited good repeatability and recovery. Therefore, the results provide reliable data for research and development in the future on the level and distribution of the three bioactive components of S. stolonifera

Análisis de visualización bibliométrica sobre el estrés laboral de los docentes

Teacher work stress has been a matter of great concern for scholars. To better comprehend the current state of research on teacher work stress, it is essential to present an overview of the literature on this topic. Through bibliometric analysis, 212 pieces of literature on teacher work stress retrieved from the Scopus database were scientifically analysed. Statistical analyses of the selected literature indicate that research on teacher work stress has exhibited a gradually increasing trend in recent years. The previous research focuses on job satisfaction, teacher self-efficacy, and job burnout. In addition, job burnout, turnover intention, resilience, university teachers, gender, and job performance are the current cutting-edge themes. Bibliometric analyses of the literature on teacher work stress can provide insight into the current state of related research and reveal hotspots and trends. This study could serve as a valuable reference for future researchers, helping them to gain a better understanding of the field's development direction and to devise effective strategies for managing work stress.Examining bibliometric data on teacher work stress can offer valuable insights into the present status of relevant research and identify key areas of focus and emerging patterns. This study could be a helpful resource for future researchers, both in their comprehension of the field's development trajectory and in the creation of effective ways for handling work stress.El estrés laboral de los profesores ha sido motivo de gran preocupación entre los académicos. Con el fin de obtener una comprensión más completa del estado actual de la investigación sobre este tema, es crucial brindar una visión general de la literatura existente al respecto. Mediante un análisis bibliométrico, se examinaron científicamente 212 trabajos sobre el estrés laboral de los profesores, recuperados de la base de datos Scopus. Los análisis estadísticos de la literatura seleccionada revelan una tendencia gradualmente ascendente en los últimos años. La investigación previa se ha centrado en aspectos como la satisfacción laboral, la autoeficacia del profesor y el agotamiento laboral. Además, el agotamiento laboral, la intención de abandono, la resiliencia, los profesores universitarios, el género y el rendimiento laboral emergen como temas de vanguardia en la actualidad. Los análisis econométricos de la literatura sobre el estrés laboral de los profesores pueden arrojar luz sobre el estado actual de la investigación relacionada y revelar puntos clave y tendencias. Este trabajo puede servir como una valiosa referencia para futuros investigadores, ayudándoles a obtener una mejor comprensión de la dirección de desarrollo en este campo y a diseñar estrategias efectivas para gestionar el estrés laboral

Deep AHS: A Deep Learning Approach to Acoustic Howling Suppression

In this paper, we formulate acoustic howling suppression (AHS) as a supervised learning problem and propose a deep learning approach, called Deep AHS, to address it. Deep AHS is trained in a teacher forcing way which converts the recurrent howling suppression process into an instantaneous speech separation process to simplify the problem and accelerate the model training. The proposed method utilizes properly designed features and trains an attention based recurrent neural network (RNN) to extract the target signal from the microphone recording, thus attenuating the playback signal that may lead to howling. Different training strategies are investigated and a streaming inference method implemented in a recurrent mode used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method for real-time howling suppression. Deep AHS avoids howling detection and intrinsically prohibits howling from happening, allowing for more flexibility in the design of audio systems. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method for howling suppression under different scenarios.Comment: Accepted for publication in 2023 ICASS

Comparative proteomic profiling reveals molecular characteristics associated with oogenesis and oocyte maturation during ovarian development of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)

Time-dependent expression of proteins in ovary is important to understand oogenesis in insects. Here, we profiled the proteomes of developing ovaries from Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) to obtain information about ovarian development with particular emphasis on differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) involved in oogenesis. A total of 4838 proteins were identified with an average peptide number of 8.15 and sequence coverage of 20.79%. Quantitative proteomic analysis showed that a total of 612 and 196 proteins were differentially expressed in developing and mature ovaries, respectively. Furthermore, 153, 196 and 59 potential target proteins were highly expressed in early, vitellogenic and mature ovaries and most tested DEPs had the similar trends consistent with the respective transcriptional profiles. These proteins were abundantly expressed in pre-vitellogenic and vitellogenic stages, including tropomyosin, vitellogenin, eukaryotic translation initiation factor, heat shock protein, importin protein, vitelline membrane protein, and chorion protein. Several hormone and signal pathway related proteins were also identified during ovarian development including piRNA, notch, insulin, juvenile, and ecdysone hormone signal pathways. This is the first report of a global ovary proteome of a tephritid fruit fly, and may contribute to understanding the complicate processes of ovarian development and exploring the potentially novel pest control targets