Place and role of the fat-and-oil industry in the national economy of Ukraine Место и роль масложировой отрасли в национальной экономике Украины

The article considers the place and role of the fat-and-oil industry in the agro-industrial complex and national economy of Ukraine. It gives an estimate of the contribution of the fat-and-oil industry into dynamics and structure of volumes of production and sales of products of the food industry. It substantiates an exclusive role of the fat-and-oil industry in formation of the consumption fund, solution of problems of internal food supply security and increase of the export potential of the country and tax proceeds to the budget. It considers social significance of the fat-and-oil industry, products of which are included into a set of food products of the consumer basket. It substantiates a necessity of state support of the fat-and-oil industry on the basis of its place and role in the agro-industrial complex and national economy of Ukraine.<br>В статье рассмотрены место и роль масложировой отрасли в агропромышленном комплексе и национальной экономике Украины. Дана оценка вклада масложировой отрасли в динамику и структуру объемов производства и реализации продукции пищевой промышленности. Обоснована исключительная роль масложировой отрасли в формировании фонда потребления, решении проблем внутренней продовольственной безопасности, увеличении экспортного потенциала страны, налоговых поступлений в бюджет. Рассмотрена социальная значимость масложировой отрасли, продукция которой входит в состав набора продуктов питания «потребительской корзины». На основе определенных места и роли масложировой отрасли в агропромышленном комплексе и национальной экономике Украины обоснована необходимость ее государственной поддержки

Effects of Environmental Factors on Reproduction of the Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus Intermedius

The results of long-term studies (2003–2015) of the reproductive biology of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius in wild populations located in the northwestern Sea of Japan along 400 km of the coast of the Primorye region of Russia and differing by the level of anthropogenic pressure are reported. Our analysis showed that since 1970–1980s, the shift in spawning season from autumn to early summer occurred in S. intermedius populations inhabiting anthropogenically polluted areas of Peter the Great Bay, resulting in the appearance of three types of populations that differ from each other in the proportions of individuals with early spawning (the end of May–June) and late spawning (September–early October). Our results indicate that neither photoperiod nor temperature may be considered as the primary external factors determining a shift in S. intermedius temporal patterns of gonad maturation and the timing of spawning and that phytoplankton concentration is the main factor for initiation of sea urchin spawning activity. We hypothesized that the shift in spawning season from autumn to early summer in S. intermedius populations inhabiting polluted areas can be explained by a phenotypic response of this species to environmental changes caused by chronic eutrophication