Spatial effects of transport infrastructure on regional growth: the case of Turkey

The provision of infrastructure is an important policy tool for promoting regional growth and reducing regional disparities. The main reason underlying this approach is the view that transportation promotes mobility, mobility promotes trade, and trade promotes economic growth. Based on this view, Turkey has invested in transportation infrastructure to reduce the regional economic inequalities since the 1960s. Between 2004 and 2014, governments have expended approximately 65 billion dollars for road infrastructure only. We believe that investigating the recent improvements in road infrastructure with a spatial perspective in an emerging economy as Turkey is necessary to generate more effective and practical regional policies. This study attempts to measure the latest developments of transportation infrastructure by analyzing the spatial effects of road transport infrastructure on regional economy in Turkish NUTS 2 regions between 2004 and 2014. We employ an augmented Cobb-Douglas production function model and use spatial Durbin model to estimate spatial effects. Apart from previous studies that employ spatial econometric models, we create a different spatial weight matrix for each year based on inverse distance to capture the change between the years 2004 and 2014. The results reveal that road infrastructure investment has significant and positive spatial spillover effects on regional growth. Any improvement in road transport infrastructure in a region causes a GDP increase in neighboring regions. Essentially the findings expose the importance of indirect effects of road transport infrastructure and contradict with previous non-spatial and overestimated effect results in the literature

Does student behavior differ in relation to perception /evaluation of campus environments? a post-occupancy research in two university campuses

A Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) survey was applied to 93 students at two universities; Dokuz Eylul University and Karadeniz Technical University. The survey consists questions on: (1) participants' characteristics, (2) physical environmental characteristics, (3) favorite places, (4) the most and the least liked features and possibilities for improvement, (5) physical activity engagement level, and (6) time spent in the campus. Results showed that users' subjective evaluations of their campuses are reflected in their behavior. The students of the negatively evaluated campus reported that they spent less time in campus compared to students of the more positively evaluated campus

The mutual relationship between regional income and deforestation: a study on Turkey

This paper aims to show how economic growth causes environmental deterioration, while the environmental resources function in turn as a supply factor. This mutual two-way relationship of economic growth and environmental degradation is analyzed using a simultaneousequations model, where economic growth is measured by regional income, and environmental deterioration by deforestation

Active Living For Sustainable Future: A model to measure "walk scores" via Geographic Information Systems

In 2007 a private firm in Seattle, Washington began to measure and publish walkability maps of cities, neighborhoods, and streets via "walkscore. com". Although "walkscore" have been criticized for its parameters, no alternative have been provided so far. More over, such maps have been published for developed countries. No such initiative has been undertaken in developing countries. This study aims to introduce and discuss an alternative model to measure walkability on street level via Geographic Information Systems (GIS). About 6500 street segments in nine districts of Izmir, Turkey have been digitized as well as the land use. A walkability score (based on betweenness / centrality scores derived from street network and accessibility scores derived from landuse) for each street segment was measured via GIS and its extension Spatial Design Network Analysis (SDNA). (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Remifentanil infusion in sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia: The effects of hemodynamic variables and recovery profiles

AMAÇ: Bu çalışmada, sevofluran veya desflurarı anestezisinde remifentanil infüzyonunun, hemodinamik değişiklikler, derlenme ve psikomotor fonksiyonlar üzerine etkilerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlandı. GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM: Etik Kurul onayı alındıktan sonra, yaşları 15-65 yıl arasında değişen 40 hasta çalışma kapsamına alındı. Anestezi indüksiyonu 0.5 ug kg-1 (30-40 sn'de) remifentanil bolus ve propofol (1- 1.5 mg kg-1), idamesi Grup l'de (n=20) %0.5± 0.05 end tidal konsantrasyonda sevofluran -N20-02, Grup II'de (n=20) %1.5±0.15 end tidal konsantrasyonda desfluran- N20-02ile sağlandı. Anestezi indüksiyonunu takiben, her iki grupta da 0.25 ug kg-1 dk-1 remifentanil infüzyonu uygulandı. Hemodinamik değişikliklerden SAB, DAB ve KAH'ları kaydedildi. Operasyon sonunda ekstübasyon, göz açma, adını ve doğum tarihini söyleme zamanı değerlendirildi. Postanestetik Aldrett Derlenme Skoru (PADS), vizüel analog skala(VAS) ve Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) 1.,5., 15.,30.,60. dakikalarda kaydedildi. BULGULAR: Her iki grupta da entübasyon sonrası SAB ile KAH değerlerinin kontrol değere oranla düşük olduğu saptandı (p0.05). Desfluran grubunda VAS ve PADS değerlerinin 1.dk, 5.dk,15.dk.'larda, DSST değerlerinin ise, 30 ve 60. dakikalarda daha yüksek seyrettiği saptandı(p<0.05). SONUÇ: Sevofluran-N20-remifentanil ve desfluran-N20-remifentanil anestezilerinin stabil bir hemodinami sağladıkları, psikomotor fonksiyonların ve anestezi sonrası derlenmenin, desfluranda sevoflurandan daha iyi olduğu kanısına varıldı.PURPOSE: In the current study, recovery characteristics, physchomotor functions and hemodynamic profiles were evaluated in patients who had remifentanil infusion during anesthesia either with sevoflurane or desflurane. MATERIAL and METHODS: After the local ethics' committee approval, forty patients aged between 15-65 years with ASA physical status I and II were included to the study. Anesthesia induction was performed with remifentanil 0.5 ug kg-1 and propofol 1-1.5 mg kg-1 intravenously. For the maintainence of the anesthesia either sevoflurane with an end-tidal concentration of 0.5+0.05% (group I) (n=20) or desflurane with an end-tidal concentration of 1.5±0.15% (group II) (n=20) in N20/02 were given. Following the anesthesia induction, remifentanil infusion with a rate of 0.25 ug kg-1 min-1 was started in both groups. Hemodynamic variables (SAP, DAP and HR) were recorded. At the end of the surgery, the time of extubation, eye opening, stating name and stating date of birth were assessed. Postanesthetic Aldrette Recovery Scores(PADS), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) values were also recorded at 1st, 5th, 15th, 30th, and 60th min postoperatively. RESULTS: SAP and HR following intubation were lower than the basal values in both groups(<0.05). DAP was statistically significantly lower than the preoperative values in desflurane group (<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between both groups according to the recovery characteristics. VAS and PADS values at 1st, 5th and 15th min were found to be significantly higher in desflurane group when compared to the sevoflurane group(<0.05). DSST values at 30th and 60th min were significantly higher in desflurane group than the sevoflurane group (<0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, both sevoflurane-N20-remifentanil and desflurane-N20- remifentanil provided stable hemodynamics conditions but physiÇomotor functions and postanesthesia recovery profiles were significantly better in desflurane group when compared to sevoflurane group

1970-2000 arası Ankara Devlet Opera ve Balesi ve Gülay Sargın

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2018.This work is a student project of the Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.The History of Turkey course (HIST200) is a requirement for all Bilkent undergraduates. It is designed to encourage students to work in groups on projects concerning any topic of their choice that relates to the history of Turkey. It is designed as an interactive course with an emphasis on research and the objective of investigating events, chronologically short historical periods, as well as historic representations. Students from all departments prepare and present final projects for examination by a committee, with 10 projects chosen to receive awards.Includes bibliographical references (page 14).by Kudret Emiroğlu