A research on bread consumption of families living in the central district of Tokat province

In this study, bread consumption statuses of families living in the central district of Tokat province were identified. Data were obtained from 272 consumers in November 2012. According to the findings, the amount of per capita bread consumption is 291.95 g which is lower than the national average consumption. The most frequently consumed bread type of families was loaf bread with 70.59%. Consumers were mainly purchased bread from supermarkets (80.51%) and oven (25.37%). More than half of consumers think that the quality of bread sold in the market is insufficient. Several families cannot consume a significant portion of bread purchased during the day; they re-used some of the staled bread and wasted the rest of staled bread. Measures should be taken to prevent the waste of bread. The quality of the bread produced should be increased and a necessary care for hygiene should be taken during production and sales stages

Kronik böbrek yetmezliği hastalarında vasküler kalsifikasyon ve belirteçlerinin ilişkisi ve bu ilişkiye etki eden faktörler

Giriş: Hemodiyalize giren kronik böbrek yetmezliği hastalarında morbidite ve mortalitenin en önemli nedeni kardiyovasküler kaynaklıdır. Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar açısından geleneksel risk faktörleri dışında böbrek yetmezliği nedeni ile ortaya çıkan ve hastalığa özgü olan risk faktörleri de mevcuttur. Hemodiyaliz hastalarında sıklıkla karşılaşılan arteriel sertlik ve vasküler kalsifikasyon, bu hasta grubunda kardiyovasküler riskin bağımsız ve güçlü belirleyicileridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, vasküler kalsifikasyon belirteçleri ve arteriel sertlik arasındaki ilişkiyi ve arteriyel sertlik üzerine etkili faktörleri ortaya koymaktır. Metod: Çalışmaya sekonder hiperparatiroidi tanısı bulunan 80 hemodiyaliz hastası alındı. Çalışmanın başında tüm hastaların serum kalsiyum değeri < 10.5mg/dL, serum Ca × P<75 and PTH değeri ≥ 300pg/ml idi. Hastaların demografik, bir yıllık labaratuvar ve ilaç kullanımları kayıt edildi. Çalışma başında ve sonunda hastların, arteriyel sertlik belirteci olan nabız dalga hızı (NDH) ve vasküler kalsifikasyonun aktivatör ve inhibitör belirteçleri çalışıldı. Bulgular: Hastalar kullanmakta oldukları D vitamini tedavisine göre parikalsitol grubu (n:40) ve kalsitriol grubu (n:40) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Her iki grubun demografik, klinik ve bazal labaratuvar değerleri çlaışma başında benzerdi. Parikalsitol grubunda PTH kontrolünün daha iyi; hiperfosfatemi, CaxP yükselme ve D vitamini atlama sıklığının ise kalsitriol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı az olduğu saptandı. FGF-23 ve osteokalsin değerleri parikalsitol grubunda kalsitriol grubuna göre istatistiksel anlamlı düşük iken; Klotho, Fetuin A and 25(OH)D3 düzeyleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı yüksek idi. Çalışma başında yapılan nabız dalga hızı her iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak benzer iken; bir yılın sonunda yapılan NDH değerinin, parikalsitol grubunda kalsitriol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı azaldığı bulundu (p<0,002). Bağımlı değişken olarak nabız dalga hızı değişimi alındığında yapılan çoklu regresyon analizinde en güçlü belirleyici FGF-23 düzeyi olarak bulundu (p<0,004) . Sonuç: Parikalsitol tedavisi, sekonder hiperparatiroidi tedavisinde daha etkin PTH baskılanması sağlamakta, hiperfosfatemi ve CaxP artışına daha az sıklıkla yol açmaktadır ve vasküler kalsifikasyon gelişimi üzerine ömemli koruyucu etkisi olabilir. Background: Patients with end-stage renal disease treated by hemodialysis have an impressive mortality, and more than half of this mortality is attributable to cardiovascular disease. It is thought that apart from traditional risk factors; uremia-related risk factors also play an important role for the development of cardiovascular disease. Arterial stiffness and vascular calcification, independent and strong predictors of cardiovasclar risk, are often found in hemodialysis patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations of the inhibitory and stimulatory factors of vascular calcification with arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients. Methods: Eighty patients with moderate to severe SHPT were enrolled into the study. All patients had normalized total serum calcium concentration < 10.5mg/dL, serum Ca × P<75 and PTH level ≥ 300pg/ml at the begining of follow-up period. Co-morbidities, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory markers and mineral-bone disease serology parameters were also recorded We measured pulse wave velocity (PWV) reflecting arterial stiffness as well as serum levels of inhibitory and stimulatory markers of vascular calcification. Results: Patient groups were as follows; paricalcitol group (n: 40) and calcitriol group (n: 40). Demographical, clinical and biochemical characteristics were similar at basal evaluation. We observed significantly superior control of PHT, less hyperphosphatemia and elevated CaxP level and interruption vitamin D treatment in paricalcitol group. FGF-23 and osteocalcin levels were significantly lower and Klotho, Fetuin A and 25(OH)D3 levels were significantly higher in paricalcitol group compared to calcitriol group. There was no significant change in pulse wave velocity measurement in paricalcitol group, while PWV significantly increased in calcitriol group during the follow-up period (p<0.002). In multilinear regression analysis FGF-23 was independently associated with percentage change of PWV (p<0.004). Conclusion: We observed that, compared with calcitriol therapy, paricalcitol therapy reduced the PTH concentrations more effectively without causing hyperphosphatemia and elevated CaxP and might have a substantial beneficial effect on the development of vascular calcification

Debate of Statism During Construction of Turkish Modern Republic: The Experience of “Kadro” (1932-1934)

88 pagesThe purpose of the thesis is to provide a discussion on “statism” at the time of emergence of the Turkish Republic as a nation state with respect to the case of “Cadre (Kadro)”, the journal published between the years 1932 and 1934. In this work we will try to analyse Kadro with its emphasis on statism within 1930s’ socio-political atmosphere. Relationship between statism practices developed with emergence of Kadro and socio-political conjuncture of the term and emergence of Kadro shall be discussed.TABLE OF CONTENTS\r\nSTATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP\r\nABSTRACT\r\nSUMMARY\r\nTABLE OF CONTENTS\r\n1. 1920\\'s Turkey- First Years of Turkish Republic\r\n2- 1930\\'s Turkey and Emergence of Kadro\r\n2-1 Conditions Prepared the Emergence Of Kadro\r\n2-2Kadro\\'s Comments About the Effects of the Great Depression on Turkey\r\n2-3Kadro\\'s Ideal and Suggestions on Turkey\\'s Development and Sources Of Kadro\r\n2-4 Third Way Ideology\r\n3 Statism From The Point Of Kadro\r\n3-1Debate on Statism\r\n3-1.1 Ahmet Ağaoğlu\r\n3-1.2 Ahmet Hamdi Başar\r\n3-1.3 Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın\r\n4 Conclusio

Fetal Health Anxiety: A Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version of the Fetal Health Anxiety Inventory

Objective: In the present study, it was aimed to adapt the fetal health anxiety inventory (FHAI) into Turkish and to analyze the validity and reliability of the scale among pregnant women. Methods: Explanatory factor analysis (EFA) was applied to 370 pregnant women in Sample I and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to 200 pregnant women in Sample II. The Prenatal Distress Questionnaire (NuPDQ) was used to test criterion-related validity of the FHAI. The reliability of the inventory was examined with Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient, item-total score correlation coefficient and test-retest analysis. Results: As a result of EFA applied to Sample I, it was determined that the 14-item FHAI covered a single factor, and the scale demonstrated good fit indices (χ2/standard deviation =3.148, comparative fit index =0.907, standardized root mean squared residual =0.000, root mean square error of approximation =0.089, and p value =0.000) as a result of the CFA applied to Sample II. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the FHAI and NuPDQ (r=0.851, p<0.01). Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient of the inventory was 0.85, and item-total score correlation coefficients were found to range between r=0.34- 0.59 (p<0.001). In the test-retest analysis, a statistically significant and positive correlation was found between the total scores of the inventory obtained in two different applications (r=0.568, p=0.001). Conclusion: The current study supported the use of 14-item FHAI as a valid and reliable tool to measure fetal health anxiety of Turkish pregnant women

Does the hyper IgM phenotype affect prognosis in ataxia telangiectasia?

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of the patients who were followed-up with the diagnosis of ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and to assess the relationship between the hyper IgM (HIGM) phenotype and their prognosis. Materials and Methods: From 2007 to 2019, the study included 68 patients aged 3-35 years who were followed-up with the diagnosis of AT. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and immunological characteristics and follow-up results. Results: There were 36 girls and 32 boys with a median follow-up of 10 years (1-12 years). The most common complaints upon admission were unsteady walk in 87%, infection in 6%, presence of a family history in 6%, and intracranial mass in 1%. The marriage was consanguineous in 85% of the parents. Ataxia was seen in 100% of the patients, telangiectasia in 97%, and immune deficiency in 88%. Bronchiectasis was observed in 23.5% of the patients, chronic diarrhea in 19%, lymphoproliferation in 15%, malignancy in 10%, autoimmunity in 10%, liver failure in 6%, and granulomatous skin lesions in 6%. Thirteen patients (19%) died during follow-up. The HIGM phenotype was identified in 31% of the patients. Recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections (p=0.004 and p<0.0001, respectively), liver failure (p=0.005), and autoimmune diseases (p=0.023) were significantly higher in the HIGM (+) group than the HIGM (-) group. Life expectancy was shorter in the HIGM (+) group with 14 ± 0.73 years (CI 95% 12.55-15.44) compared to the HIGM (-) group with 18 ± 1.64 years (CI 95% 14.77-21.22) (p=0.054). Conclusion: During the early childhood period and before the characteristic findings of AT develop, the patients might present at a hospital with infections, autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, or malignancy. Physical examination, high alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and immunological testing provide important data for the correct diagnosis. The HIGM phenotype aggravates the clinical course of the disease resulting in fatalities at an earlier age and at a higher rate

The relationship between social support and spousal support perceived by women in the postpartum period and readiness for discharge

Abstract Aim: The study was conducted to determine the relationship between puerperal hospital readiness for discharge and social and spousal support. Materials and Methods:The descriptive and relationship-seeking study was conducted with 388 women hospitalized in the maternity ward of a public hospital. Personal Information Form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Spouse Support Scale Perceived by Women in Early Postpartum Period (SSSPWEPP) and Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale–New Mother Form (RHD-NMF) were used to collect the data. Results:The average score of postpartum women from RHD-NMF was 171.41±28.55 with 89.9% of them to be ready for discharge. There was a weak positive correlation between total scores from RHD-NMF and MSPSS and its sub-dimensions (family, friends) (r=.164, r=.177, r=.156, respectively; p&lt;0.01); whilst there was a weak positive correlation between total scores from RHD-NMF and SSSPWEPP and its sub-dimensions (emotional, physical, social) (r=.249, r=.199, r=.194, r=.232, respectively;p&lt;0.01). Conclusion and Suggestions:The study found that most of the postpartum women were ready for discharge. There was a positive correlation between preparedness for discharge and social and family support and support from friends in the puerperium period; also, more physical, emotional and social support from the spouse translated into more readiness for discharge from the hospital. In addition, it was found that the most important variablee affecting readiness for discharge from the hospital was the support of friends and physical support of the spouse

Low magnetic field promotes recombinant human BMP-2-induced bone formation and influences orientation of trabeculae and bone marrow-derived stromal cells

Effects of high magnetic fields [MFs, ≥ 1 T (T)] on osteoblastic differentiation and the orientation of cells or matrix proteins have been reported. However, the effect of low MFs (< 1 T) on the orientation of bone formation is not well known. This study was performed to verify the effects of low MFs on osteoblastic differentiation, bone formation, and orientation of both cells and newly formed bone. An apparatus was prepared with two magnets (190 mT) aligned in parallel to generate a parallel MF. In vitro, bone marrow-derived stromal cells of rats were used to assess the effects of low MFs on cell orientation, osteoblastic differentiation, and mineralization. A bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-induced ectopic bone model was used to elucidate the effect of low MFs on microstructural indices, trabecula orientation, and the apatite c-axis orientation of newly formed bone. Low MFs resulted in an increased ratio of cells oriented perpendicular to the direction of the MF and promoted osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. Moreover, in vivo analysis demonstrated that low MFs promoted bone formation and changed the orientation of trabeculae and apatite crystal in a direction perpendicular to the MF. These changes led to an increase in the mechanical strength of rhBMP-2-induced bone. These results suggest that the application of low MFs has potential to facilitate the regeneration of bone with sufficient mechanical strength by controlling the orientation of newly formed bone.Okada R., Yamato K., Kawakami M., et al. Low magnetic field promotes recombinant human BMP-2-induced bone formation and influences orientation of trabeculae and bone marrow-derived stromal cells. Bone Reports, 14, 100757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2021.100757

Lifetime and past-year prevalence of children’s exposure to violence in 9 Balkan countries: the BECAN study

Background Children’s exposure to violence is a major public health issue. The Balkan epidemiological study on Child Abuse and Neglect project aimed to collect internationally comparable data on violence exposures in childhood. Methods A three stage stratified random sample of 42,194 school-attending children (response rate: 66.7%) in three grades (aged 11, 13 and 16 years) was drawn from schools in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), Greece, Romania, Serbia and Turkey. Children completed the ICAST-C questionnaire, which measures children’s exposure to violence by any perpetrator. Results Exposure rates for psychological violence were between 64.6% (FYROM) and 83.2% (Greece) for lifetime and 59.62% (Serbia) and 70.0% (Greece) for past-year prevalence. Physical violence exposure varied between 50.6% (FYROM) and 76.3% (Greece) for lifetime and 42.5% (FYROM) and 51.0% (Bosnia) for past-year prevalence. Sexual violence figures were highest for lifetime prevalence in Bosnia (18.6%) and lowest in FYROM (7.6%). Lifetime contact sexual violence was highest in Bosnia (9.8%) and lowest in Romania (3.6%). Past-year sexual violence and contact sexual violence prevalence was lowest in Romania (5.0 and 2.1%) and highest in Bosnia (13.6 and 7.7% respectively). Self-reported neglect was highest for both past-year and lifetime prevalence in Bosnia (48.0 and 20.3%) and lowest in Romania (22.6 and 16.7%). Experiences of positive parental practices were reported by most participating children in all countries. Conclusions Where significant differences in violence exposure by sex were observed, males reported higher exposure to past-year and lifetime sexual violence and females higher exposure to neglect. Children in Balkan countries experience a high burden of violence victimization and national-level programming and child protection policy making is urgently needed to address this

Cytotoxic activities of new iron(III) and nickel(II) chelates of some S-methyl-thiosemicarbazones on K562 and ECV304 cells

The S-methyl-thiosemicarbazones of the 2- hydroxy-R-benzaldehyde (R= H, 3-OH 3-OCH3 or 4-OCH3) reacted with the corresponding aldehydes in the presence of FeCl3 and NiCl2. New ONNO chelates of iron(III) and nickel (II) with hydroxy- or methoxy-substitued N1,N4-diarylidene-Smethyl- thiosemicarbazones were characterized by means of elemental analysis, conductivity and magnetic measurements, UV-Vis, IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopies. Cytotoxic activities of the compounds were determined using K562 chronic myeloid leukemia and ECV304 human endothelial cell lines by MTT assay. It was determined that monochloro N1-4- methoxysalicylidene-N4-4-methoxysalicylidene-S-methylthiosemicarbazidato- iron(III) complex showed selective anti-leukemic effects in K562 cells while has no effect in ECV304 cells in the 0.53 μg/ml (IC50) concentrations. Also, some methoxy-substitued nickel(II) chelates exhibit high cytotoxic activitiy against both of these cell lines in low concentrations. Cytotoxicity data were evaluated depending on cell lines origin and position of the substituents on aromatic rings

Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

ience, this issue p. eaap8757 Structured Abstract INTRODUCTION Brain disorders may exhibit shared symptoms and substantial epidemiological comorbidity, inciting debate about their etiologic overlap. However, detailed study of phenotypes with different ages of onset, severity, and presentation poses a considerable challenge. Recently developed heritability methods allow us to accurately measure correlation of genome-wide common variant risk between two phenotypes from pools of different individuals and assess how connected they, or at least their genetic risks, are on the genomic level. We used genome-wide association data for 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants, as well as 17 phenotypes from a total of 1,191,588 individuals, to quantify the degree of overlap for genetic risk factors of 25 common brain disorders. RATIONALE Over the past century, the classification of brain disorders has evolved to reflect the medical and scientific communities' assessments of the presumed root causes of clinical phenomena such as behavioral change, loss of motor function, or alterations of consciousness. Directly observable phenomena (such as the presence of emboli, protein tangles, or unusual electrical activity patterns) generally define and separate neurological disorders from psychiatric disorders. Understanding the genetic underpinnings and categorical distinctions for brain disorders and related phenotypes may inform the search for their biological mechanisms. RESULTS Common variant risk for psychiatric disorders was shown to correlate significantly, especially among attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia. By contrast, neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders, except for migraine, which was significantly correlated to ADHD, MDD, and Tourette syndrome. We demonstrate that, in the general population, the personality trait neuroticism is significantly correlated with almost every psychiatric disorder and migraine. We also identify significant genetic sharing between disorders and early life cognitive measures (e.g., years of education and college attainment) in the general population, demonstrating positive correlation with several psychiatric disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa and bipolar disorder) and negative correlation with several neurological phenotypes (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and ischemic stroke), even though the latter are considered to result from specific processes that occur later in life. Extensive simulations were also performed to inform how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity influence genetic correlations. CONCLUSION The high degree of genetic correlation among many of the psychiatric disorders adds further evidence that their current clinical boundaries do not reflect distinct underlying pathogenic processes, at least on the genetic level. This suggests a deeply interconnected nature for psychiatric disorders, in contrast to neurological disorders, and underscores the need to refine psychiatric diagnostics. Genetically informed analyses may provide important "scaffolding" to support such restructuring of psychiatric nosology, which likely requires incorporating many levels of information. By contrast, we find limited evidence for widespread common genetic risk sharing among neurological disorders or across neurological and psychiatric disorders. We show that both psychiatric and neurological disorders have robust correlations with cognitive and personality measures. Further study is needed to evaluate whether overlapping genetic contributions to psychiatric pathology may influence treatment choices. Ultimately, such developments may pave the way toward reduced heterogeneity and improved diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders