Main problem of civilization sustainable ecological and economic development – energy security

Розглянуто сучасні уявлення про господарську діяльність, пов'язану з енергоспоживанням і енергоефективністю в різних природних умовах. Надано рекомендації щодо сталого еколого-економічного розвитку суспільства з урахуванням енергетичної складової.Examined modern conceptions of economic activity associated with energy consumption and energy efficiency in different environmental conditions. Given recommendations on society sustainable ecological and economic development subject to energy component.Рассмотрены современные представления о хозяйственной деятельности, связанной с энергопотреблением и энергоэффективностью в различных природных условиях. Даны рекомендации по устойчивому эколого-экономическому развитию общества с учетом энергетической составляющей

Злокачественные опухоли мочеполовой системы при первично-множественных опухолях

Introduction. Primary multiple tumors (polyneoplasia) represent synchronous or consecutive and independent from each other development of two or more tumors. Frequency of urinary tract tumors composing primary multiple tumors is from 10 to 13,5%. There is a constant growing interest in primary multiple tumors due to the increase of patients with this kind of disease. Up to the present, many issues related to diagnostics and method choice to treat primary multiple tumors remain questionable.Materials and methods. In our research, 1632 patients with urinary tract tumors were treated in the N.N. Burdenko Main Military Hospital's Oncourology Department from December 1998 to December 2005. Out of them, 570 (34,9%) were patients with prostate cancer, 469 (28,8%) with bladder cancer, 442 (27,1%) patients with kidney tumors, and 78 (4,8%) with renal pelvis tumor. Out of all patients included in our research, 89 (5,6%) patients were with primary multiple tumors. In average, these patients were 69 years old. Out of them, 8 patients had tumors of three organs.Results. Nephrectomy (366) and/or kidney resection (114) were performed to patients with kidney tumors. Bladder transurethral resection, bladder resection, and cystectomy with various methods of urine derivation (118) (bilateral ureterocutaneostomia (86), Shtuder's plastic surgery of artificial bladder - 22, Bricker's formation of a urinary duct - 8, and 2 bladder plastic surgery with a skin-muscle graft) were performed to patients with bladder cancer. Prostatectomy (109), or hormonal therapy and radiotherapy were performed to patients with prostate cancer. 42% of patients were diagnosed with urinary system cancer as a part of primary multiple tumors in the first stage, 28% in the second, 18% in the third, and 12% in the forth. The group of patients with kidney tumor 42 (54%) had the largest amount of primary multiple tumors due to cancer of both kidneys 26 (33,8%). In one case, the second tumor was diagnosed 13 years after the first tumor had been diagnosed. During the first month after the first tumor had been diagnosed 42,7% (42), the second one was diagnosed. In a period from 3 to 6 months, the second tumor was diagnosed in 18,2% (16) cases. In cases when cancer was diagnosed for the first time, there were 45% (40) tumors of the first stage, 16% (15) of the second stage, 14,5% (12) of the third, and 24,5% (21) of the forth.Conclusion. Urinary tract tumors composing primary multiple tumors are not rare, and their diagnosis mainly is incidental. Results of treatment depend not only on the spread of tumor process but also on timely and appropriate combined treatment. Surgery treatment of synchronically diagnosed tumors has to be performed with one surgery, and not to be divided into several operations, because with this method, time factor is very important.

Cotelescopes and approximate lifting properties in shape theory

In this note the cotelescope construction of fibrant extension (Cathey, 1979) of compacta is used to study approximate lifting properties of some shape morphisms (shape fibrations (Mardešić and Rushing, 1978) and shape absolutely soft maps (Zerkalov, 1987)). It is proved that for a shape fibration (respectively for a shape absolutely soft map), there exists a fibrant extension which is a Hurewicz fibration (respectively absolutely soft map (Shchepin, 1984)). Applying this result, it is proved that a map of compacta whose cotelescope fibrant extension is an absolutely soft map is itself a shape absolutely soft map. Moreover, it is proved that any hereditary shape equivalence of compacta is a shape absolutely soft map. Copyright © 1996 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Algorithms for homotopy classification of binary images

In this note using the concept of the index of pixel of a binary image [E. V. Shchepin and G. M. Nepomnyashchyi, On Topology Analysis of Images. MIP, Moscow (1990)], several algorithms for their homotopy classification are investigated. Defining the concept of a computer homotopy, we consider, in particular, the algorithm that assigns to any class of homotopy equivalent binary images a directed tree with a root

Cotelescopes and approximate lifting properties in shape theory

In this note the cotelescope construction of fibrant extension (Cathey, 1979) of compacta is used to study approximate lifting properties of some shape morphisms (shape fibrations (Mardešić and Rushing, 1978) and shape absolutely soft maps (Zerkalov, 1987)). It is proved that for a shape fibration (respectively for a shape absolutely soft map), there exists a fibrant extension which is a Hurewicz fibration (respectively absolutely soft map (Shchepin, 1984)). Applying this result, it is proved that a map of compacta whose cotelescope fibrant extension is an absolutely soft map is itself a shape absolutely soft map. Moreover, it is proved that any hereditary shape equivalence of compacta is a shape absolutely soft map. Copyright © 1996 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

ГОЛОВНА ПРОБЛЕМА СТАЛОГО ЕКОЛОГО-EКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ЦИВІЛІЗАЦІЇ – EНЕРГЕТИЧНА БЕЗПЕКА

Examined modern conceptions of economic activity associated with energy consumption and energy efficiency in different environmental conditions. Given recommendations on society sustainable ecological and economic development subject to energy componentРассмотрены современные представления о хозяйственной деятельности, связанной с энергопотреблением и энергоэффективностью в различных природных условиях. Даны рекомендации по устойчивому эколого-экономическому развитию общества с учетом энергетической составляющейРозглянуто сучасні уявлення про господарську діяльність, пов'язану з енергоспоживанням і енергоефективністю в різних природних умовах. Надано рекомендації щодо сталого еколого-економічного розвитку суспільства з урахуванням енергетичної складово