Multi-match Packet Classification on Memory-Logic Trade-off FPGA-based Architecture

Packet processing is becoming much more challenging as networks evolve towards a multi-service platform. In particular, packet classification demands smaller processing times as data rates increase. To successfully meet this requirement, hardware-based classification architectures have become an area of extensive research. Even if Field Programmable Logic Arrays (FPGAs) have emerged as an interesting technology for implementing these architectures, existing proposals either exploit maximal concurrency with unbounded resource consumption, or base the architecture on distributed RAM memory-based schemes which strongly undervalues FPGA capabilities. Moreover, most of these proposals target best-match classification and are not suited for high-speed updates of classification rulesets. In this paper, we propose a new approach which exploits rich logic resources available in modern FPGAs while reducing memory consumption. Our architecture is conceived for multi-match classification, and its mapping methodology is naturally suited for high-speed, simple updating of the classification ruleset. Analytical evaluation and implementation results of our architecture are promising, demonstrating that it is suitable for line speed processing with balanced resource consumption. With additional optimizations, our proposal has the potential to be integrated into network processing architectures demanding all aforementioned features.http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6602301Fil: Zerbini, Carlos A. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica; Argentina.Fil: Finochietto, Jorge M. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Digitales; Argentina.Ingeniería de Sistemas y Comunicacione

Reconfigurable network processing: the FPGA case

As communication networks evolve towards 100 gigabits per second rates to address increasing demand of data trafic, network processing solutions must be revised and upgraded to support this need. Meanwhile, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology is becoming a much more interesting platform were to integrate network processing capabilities and compete with current available solutions. In this paper, we argue that FPGAs can play a signi cant role in this area. To this end, a general discussion on the technology is first introduced to later focus on the speci c requirements to implement network processing architectures. Finally, based on our previous experience on building network devices on FPGAs, we discuss a case study to illustrate some of the main drivers to consider FPGA as an interesting solution for network processing.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Differences between postmortem computed tomography and conventional autopsy in a stabbing murder case

Objective: The aim of the present work is to analyze the differences and similarities between the elements of a conventional autopsy and images obtained from postmortem computed tomography in a case of a homicide stab wound. Method: Comparison between the findings of different methods: autopsy and postmortem computed tomography. Results: In some aspects, autopsy is still superior to imaging, especially in relation to external examination and the description of lesion vitality. However, the findings of gas embolism, pneumothorax and pulmonary emphysema and the relationship between the internal path of the instrument of aggression and the entry wound are better demonstrated by postmortem computed tomography. Conclusions: Although multislice computed tomography has greater accuracy than autopsy, we believe that the conventional autopsy method is fundamental for providing evidence in criminal investigations

Characterization of the resistance of tomato accessions from the bgh-ufv to the geminivírus tomato yellow spot virus

The viruses transmitted by whiteflies are among those causing relevant losses in tomato cultivation. Among the measures to control these agents, introducing genes for resistance constitutes the main control measure, together with vector control. The objective of this work was to screen for sources of natural resistance to Tomato yellow spot virus (ToYSV) in S. lycopersicum germplasm from the Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças (BGH) of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais, Brazil. The 99 accessions and two susceptible controls were inoculated using biolistics. Inoculated plants were grown under greenhouse conditions. The percentage of plants displaying virus symptoms was evaluated at 10, 20 and 30 days after inoculation (DAI). Virus presence or absence in the inoculated plants was confirmed by hybridization with probes labeled with á-[32P]-dCTP, for each evaluation date. Inoculated plants produced typical disease symptoms showing different behavior on the genotypes in relation to ToYSV. Some of the evaluated genotypes showed higher virus tolerance compared to two susceptible controls, in particular the accessions BGH-2039V and BGH-2041 which showed no symptoms and no viral DNA accumulation in 80% of the inoculated plants at 30 DAI. The results suggest that the selected tomato accesses are good sources of resistance to new tomato cultivars tolerant to ToYSV.Os vírus transmitidos por moscas brancas estão entre aqueles que causam perdas relevantes na cultura do tomate. Entre as medidas para o controle desses agentes, a introdução de genes de resistência constitui a principal medida de controle, juntamente com o controle de vetores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi procurar fontes de resistência natural ao Tomato yellow spot virus (ToYSV) em germoplasma de S. lycopersicum do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças (BGH) da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais, Brasil. Noventa e nove subamostras e dois controles suscetíveis foram inoculados usando biobalística. As plantas inoculadas foram mantidas em casa de vegetação. A porcentagem de plantas exibindo sintomas do vírus foi avaliada aos 10, 20 e 30 dias após a inoculação (DAI). A presença ou ausência do vírus nas plantas inoculadas foi confirmada por hibridização com sondas marcadas com á-[32P]-dCTP, para cada data de avaliação. Plantas inoculadas produziram sintomas típicos da doença mostrando diferentes comportamentos dos genótipos em relação ao ToYSV. Alguns dos genótipos avaliados apresentaram maior tolerância ao vírus em relação aos dois controles suscetíveis, em particular as subamostras BGH-2039V e BGH-2041, que não apresentaram sintomas e no tinham acúmulo de DNA viral em 80% das plantas inoculadas aos 30 DAI. Os resultados sugerem que as subamostras de tomate selecionadas são boas fontes de resistência para novas cultivares de tomateiro tolerantes ao ToYSV

Classification of haematopoietic and lymphoid tumors: WHO, standardization of nomenclature in Portuguese, 4th edition

INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue (4th edition, 2008) tumors constitutes an updated review of the 3rd edition published in 2001. The translation of the nomenclature used to describe the entities should be clear, precise and uniform so that clinicians, pathologists and researchers involved in the onco-hematopathological area may identify them accurately. OBJECTIVE: With this purpose, the authors present an updated proposal and a terminological standardization in Portuguese based on WHO/2008INTRODUÇÃO: A classificação da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para os tumores do tecido hematopoético e linfoide (4ª edição, 2008) representa uma revisão atualização da 3ª edição publicada em 2001. A tradução da nomenclatura utilizada para identificar as entidades descritas deve ser clara, precisa e uniforme no sentido de reproduzir de forma correta as diversas entidades clinicopatológicas para clínicos, patologistas e pesquisadores envolvidos na área da onco-hematopatologia. OBJETIVO: Os autores apresentam uma proposta de atualização e padronização terminológica em língua portuguesa, com base na OMS/2008Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de PatologiaUSP Faculdade de Odontologia Departamento de PatologiaHospital do Câncer A. C. Camargo Departamento de Anatomia PatológicaUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Departamento de PatologiaUniversidade Estadual de Campinas Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Departamento de Anatomia PatológicaFMUSP Hospital das ClínicasHospital Israelita Albert Einstein Setor de Citogenética Laboratório ClínicoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Fleury Medicina Diagnóstica Laboratório de CitogenéticaSanta Casa de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências MédicasFMUSP HC Divisão de Anatomia PatológicaUNIFESP Departamento de PatologiaFMUSP Instituto do CoraçãoFMUSP Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Departamento de PatologiaFleury Medicina DiagnósticaInstituto Adolfo LutzHospital Alemão Oswaldo CruzFCMSCSP Departamento de PatologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de PatologiaSciEL

Identification of the begomovirus resistance genes Ty‑2 and Ty‑3 in tomato genotypes

O  objetivo  deste  trabalho foi  identificar  a  presença  dos genes  Ty‑2 e Ty‑3, de resistência a begomovírus, em acessos de tomateiro do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Os oligonucleotídeos TO302 F/R e FLUW25 F/R foram utilizados em reações de PCR, para verificar a presença de marcadores relacionados aos genes Ty‑2 e Ty‑3, respectivamente. Observou-se a presença do gene Ty‑2, em heterozigose na subamostra BGH-6881 (Solanum peruvianum), e do gene Ty‑3, em homozigose nas subamostras BGH-6878, BGH-6897 (S. lycopersicum)  e  em heterozigose  na subamostra BGH-6881. A identificação dos genes de resistência, com reações de PCR, representa um avanço para os programas de melhoramento de tomateiro no Brasil.The objective of this work was to identify the presence of the genes begomovirus resistence Ty‑2 and Ty‑3 in tomato accessions of the Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. The oligonucleotides TO302 F/R and FLUW25 F/R were used in PCR analysis to verify the presence of markers associated to the genes Ty‑2 and Ty‑3, respectively. The Ty‑2 gene was observed in heterozygosis in the accession BGH-6881 (Solanum peruvianum), and the Ty‑3 gene in homozygosis in the accessions BGH-6878, BGH-6897 (S. lycopersicum), and in heterozygosis in acession BGH-6881. The identification of resistance genes, using PCR analysis, represents an advance for tomato breeding programs in Brazil

Classification of haematopoietic and lymphoid tumors: WHO, standardization of nomenclature in Portuguese, 4th edition

INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue (4th edition, 2008) tumors constitutes an updated review of the 3rd edition published in 2001. The translation of the nomenclature used to describe the entities should be clear, precise and uniform so that clinicians, pathologists and researchers involved in the onco-hematopathological area may identify them accurately. OBJECTIVE: With this purpose, the authors present an updated proposal and a terminological standardization in Portuguese based on WHO/2008INTRODUÇÃO: A classificação da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para os tumores do tecido hematopoético e linfoide (4ª edição, 2008) representa uma revisão atualização da 3ª edição publicada em 2001. A tradução da nomenclatura utilizada para identificar as entidades descritas deve ser clara, precisa e uniforme no sentido de reproduzir de forma correta as diversas entidades clinicopatológicas para clínicos, patologistas e pesquisadores envolvidos na área da onco-hematopatologia. OBJETIVO: Os autores apresentam uma proposta de atualização e padronização terminológica em língua portuguesa, com base na OMS/200864364