Disegno e modalit\ue0 di realizzazione della survey CHIP (CHinese In Prato)

Following the rapid economic development, China is experiencing a progressive increase in the incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events and in the prevalence of CV risk factors. According to recent estimations, the prevalence of diabetes sharply increased from 1% in 1980 to 11% in 2013. Migration from China to Europe is now mainly concentrated in Countries of the Southern Europe, e.g., Italy and Spain. The largest Chinese community living in Italy is now settled in Prato, being also one of the largest Chinese community in Europe. Local authorities estimate a number of Chinese citizens living in Prato of over 40,000 individuals, including illegal immigrants. The availability of reliable data on the health needs of Chinese population is thus a recognised priority for the local health system. The creation of a participatory research where Chinese population directly participates in the formation of a group of citizens involved in designing and conducting the survey allows to overcome difficulties due to the lack of official demographic files. Secondly, and most important, this approach makes it possible to effectively pass a prevention message to an elusive population. The purpose of the CHIP (CHinese In Prato) survey is to investigate the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors among Chinese immigrants. Recruitment procedure was started on 8th July 2014

Author Correction: AIM2 in regulatory T cells restrains autoimmune diseases (Nature, (2021), 591, 7849, (300-305), 10.1038/s41586-021-03231-w)

In Fig. 3h of this Article, along the bottom row labelled ‘IL-2’, the third lane (above the ‘WT’ bracket) should be a plus and not a minus symbol, and the fourth lane (above the ‘Aim2-/-’ bracket) should be a minus and not a plus; from left to right, the symbols for the ‘IL-2’ row should therefore be: ‘- - + - - +’. In Extended Data Fig. 2k, the first label should be ‘IL-17A-IFN?+’ rather than ‘IL-17A+IFN?–’, and the third label should be ‘IL-17A+IFN?-’ rather than ‘IL-17A–IFN?+’. In addition, in the final sentence of the Fig. 4 legend, the text should be ‘two-sided t-test (a–c, e right, m right)’ and not ‘two-sided t-test (a–c, e right)’. The original Article has been corrected online

AIM2 in regulatory T cells restrains autoimmune diseases

The inflammasome initiates innate defence and inflammatory responses by activating caspase-1 and pyroptotic cell death in myeloid cells1,2. It consists of an innate immune receptor/sensor, pro-caspase-1, and a common adaptor molecule, ASC. Consistent with their pro-inflammatory function, caspase-1, ASC and the inflammasome component NLRP3 exacerbate autoimmunity during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by enhancing the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in myeloid cells3–6. Here we show that the DNA-binding inflammasome receptor AIM27–10 has a T cell-intrinsic and inflammasome-independent role in the function of T regulatory (Treg) cells. AIM2 is highly expressed by both human and mouse Treg cells, is induced by TGFβ, and its promoter is occupied by transcription factors that are associated with Treg cells such as RUNX1, ETS1, BCL11B and CREB. RNA sequencing, biochemical and metabolic analyses demonstrated that AIM2 attenuates AKT phosphorylation, mTOR and MYC signalling, and glycolysis, but promotes oxidative phosphorylation of lipids in Treg cells. Mechanistically, AIM2 interacts with the RACK1–PP2A phosphatase complex to restrain AKT phosphorylation. Lineage-tracing analysis demonstrates that AIM2 promotes the stability of Treg cells during inflammation. Although AIM2 is generally accepted as an inflammasome effector in myeloid cells, our results demonstrate a T cell-intrinsic role of AIM2 in restraining autoimmunity by reducing AKT–mTOR signalling and altering immune metabolism to enhance the stability of Treg cells

Qualidade de vida em voz na doença pulmonar crônica

RESUMO: Objetivo: analisar a qualidade de vida relacionada à voz autorreferida por indivíduos com doença pulmonar crônica. Métodos: estudo transversal, exploratório, quantitativo, com informações obtidas a partir da aplicação de questionário de qualidade de vida em voz em usuários de um ambulatório de fisioterapia integrado em hospital universitário no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de março a novembro de 2012. Resultados: participaram 19 sujeitos, 12 (63,20%) do sexo masculino e 7 (36,80%) do sexo feminino. Sobre a faixa etária, 14 (73,70%) eram adultos e cinco (26,30%) idosos, sendo essa diferença estatisticamente significante. Quanto à doença pulmonar crônica, dez (52,60%) tinham bronquiectasia, seis (31,60%) doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e três (15,80%) asma. A média do questionário Qualidade de Vida em Voz Total foi de 85,8 ± 5,8 pontos. Não houve diferença estatística entre os três domínios do questionário e as variáveis sexo, idade e diagnóstico médico. Conclusão: predomínio percentual do sexo masculino e faixa etária adulta-meia idade, sendo essa última estatisticamente significante e diagnóstico médico de bronquiectasia. A média do questionário total foi de 85,8 ± 5,8 pontos. Não foram encontradas significância estatística na comparação do domínios do questionário com as variáveis sexo, idade e doença pulmonar. Tal fato pode ser explicado pela elaboração de estratégias de comunicação como forma de minimizar os efeitos da doença pulmonar na produção vocal. Sugere-se a realização de outras pesquisas abordando o mesmo tema, porém com amostras maiores a fim de verificar a significância estatística das variáveis estudadas