Visions of vision: governments, companies, activists and how they deal with visibility, transparency and surveillance

In recent years, the demand for more transparency and less surveillance is omnipresent. This demand implies that surveillance and transparency have no overlap. While surveillance has been extensively researched by scholars such as Foucault, Ganascia and Mann, transparency is more often invoked that defined. This study investigates several attempts at transparency from a wide variety of fields and elaborates on their advantages and disadvantages. It is argued that there are structural differences in various attempts at transparency. Nevertheless, transparency is not inherently good and can easily be turned into a system of surveillance

Cross-Bridge Kelvin resistor structures for reliable measurement of low contact resistances and contact interface characterization

The parasitic factors that strongly influence the measurement accuracy of Cross-Bridge Kelvin Resistor (CBKR) structures for low specific contact resistances (rhoc) have been extensively discussed during last few decades and the minimum of the rhoc value, which could be accurately extracted, was estimated. We fabricated a set of various metal-to-metal CBKR structures with different geometries, i.e., shapes and dimensions, to confirm this limit experimentally and to create a method for contact metal-to-metal interface characterization. As a result, a model was developed to account for the actual current flow and a method for reliable rhoc extraction was created. This method allowed to characterize metal-to-metal contact interface. It was found that in the case of ideal metal-to-metal contacts, the measured CBKR contact resistance was determined by the dimensions of the two-metal stack in the area of contact and sheet resistances of the metals used

Cross-bidge Kelvin resistor (CBKR) structures for measurement of low contact resistances

A convenient test structure for measurement of the specific contact resistance (ρc) of metal-semiconductor junctions is the CBKR structure. During last few decades the parasitic factors which may strongly affect the measurements accuracy for ρc < 10-6 Ω • cm2 have been sufficiently discussed and the minimum of the ρc to be measured using CBKR structures was estimated. We fabricated a set of CBKR structures with different geometries to confirm this limit experimentally. These structures were manufactured for metal-to-metal contacts. It was found that the extracted CBKR values were determined by dimensions of the two-metal stack in the contact area and sheet resistances of the metals used. \ud Index Terms—Contact resistance, cross-bridge Kelvin resistor (CBKR), sheet resistance, test structures, metal, silico

A conceptual synthesis of organisational transformation: How to diagnose, and navigate, pathways for sustainability at universities?

Universities will play a profound role in a century in which society will be judged by its capacity for self-transformation in response to pandemic crises of climate change and capitalism. Frameworks of analysis of sustainability in organisations could benefit from tangible systemic rubrics for transformation. This research delineates core elements of organisational transformations for sustainability at universities. Criteria were woven into a framework that has value as a diagnostic tool, spanning three scales and five theoretical perspectives: behavioural science, corporate governance and responsibility, organisational change management, socio-ecological systems and sustainability in education and research. This was geared towards what organisational transformation for sustainability entails with universities specifically, if leverage points can be identified, and what the moral imperatives are of universities pursuing sustainability transformation. The orientation was to deduce distinct ‘rules of the game’ to diagnose organisational transformations for sustainability through descriptive and prescriptive criteria. The findings suggest high capacity for organisational transformation involves extroverted engagement, where potential rubrics help standardise comparison of environmental social governance issues in similar cultural and regional contexts. Students, academics, researchers and practitioners co-create knowledge in a ‘republic of stakeholders’, through a dialogical process of organisational-societal learning. Internally, an integrated approach, cross linking information and disciplines from a network of actors has benefits for psychological well-being. Criteria for diagnosis could be formulated into an instrument through testing the analytical framework in transdisciplinary research cases. Future research might well focus on institutional differentiation and evolution of public research universities that navigate departures from traditional models, co-creating in reflexive iterations to achieve leverage for sustainability transformation