Sytronix - Energioptimering med asynkrona motorer och variabla pumpar

In the modern times of industry where hydraulic are of use, all the motors run on their nominal workload, where the pumps are constant. The given flow is regulated with the help of valves which chokes the flow. From an energy perspective this contributes to a great amount of energy losses, where the demand can be much lower than the supply. We can observe from today’s society that the energy costs rise frequently, which have contributed to more attention and greater consideration to this factor. The motors are controlled by a drive system which is built on the master/slave principle, this means that the master commands the slave. The problem with today’s system is that if a master disappears, then the whole system will collapse. This has created an urge to develop a system where all the drivers can be a potential master or slave. In this thesis our main focus is on the analyzing and research parts of possible solutions to both a stable, independent system and a smart energy optimization, where our main goal is to achieve an energy efficient work dividing between the motors as possible. The thesis is made at Bosch Rexroth in their offices. We will present our analyzing of the solution methods in this report and give both theoretical and practical examples, to prove the motivation behind our decisions, comment advantages and disadvantages to what these solutions contributes with. Notice that all our solutions in the research part will not be included in the result, we will discuss this later in the discussion part. The drivers which are thought for use in this thesis are Bosch own and are named indradrive, it contains a PLC and a PID-regulator. It’s also thought that the implementation will be done in Bosch own software, Indraworks. The implementation will only occur if there is time available and will be a prototype for two asynchronous engines

Vibration And Eccentricity Measurements Combined With Rotordynamic Analyses On A Six Bearing Turbine Generator.

LecturePg. 85-92This lecture discusses how the vibration characteristics and eccentricity measurements were combined with rotordynamic analyses to help improve the reliability of a turbine generator unit. It also explains certain vibration characteristics at partial load conditions that resulted in changes of the bearing load magnitude and direction. The measurements of a stable backward whirl orbit at certain load conditions will be shown and discussed. The rotordynamic analyses also simulated field balancing measurements that compared well with the synchronous response calculations. These analyses were also used to examine the benefits of retrofitting a steady bearing at the unsupported shaft pump extension

In situ degradability of soyabean meal treated with Acacia saligna and Atriplex halimus extracts in sheep

The effects of Acacia saligna (AC) and Atriplex halimus (AT) extracts were evaluated on ruminal soyabean meal (SBM) degradability using the nylon bag technique. Samples of SBM were treated with 0, 4, or 8 g of AC or AT extracts per 100 g SBM. Bags were incubated in two cannulated sheep for 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h. The chemical constituents (CCs) of extracts was determined using GC-MS. Rate and potential degradability of dry matter (DM) were decreased (P=0.015) to a greater extent than N degradability (P=0.145) with AC and AT doses. DM and N degradation were decreased (P<0.05) by 15% and 29%; 24% and 47% with AC, and 21% and 29%; 23% and 37% with AT at 4% and 8% for DM and N, respectively. The data suggest the possibility of using these extracts as feed additives to reduce ruminal degradability of SBM in ruminant diets

In Vitro Gas, Methane, and Carbon Dioxide Productions of High Fibrous Diet Incubated With Fecal Inocula From Horses in Response to the Supplementation With Different Live Yeast Additives

Yeast supplementation of horse diets can influence nutrient digestibility and microbiota dynamics in the horse hindgut. In some in vitro [6] and in vivo [4] studies, yeast addition to the diets improved digestion of low-quality forages. It has been shown that yeast supplementation can alter the microbial environment by increasing the total number of hindgut microorganisms [7]. As a result, feed digestion in the hindgut can be enhanced, especially that of the fiber fraction, most likely due to increased numbers of cellulolytic bacteria in the hindgut [8]. In contrast, other studies have reported no effect of yeast addition to equine diets on nutrient digestibility in vitro [7] or in vivo [9].In a randomized block design experiment, the effect of fecal inocula from horses supplemented with live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in diets containing 50% oat straw on in vitro total gas (gas production [GP]), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) productions as indicators of hindgut activity was assessed. Three commercial products of S. cerevisiae were tested (1) Biocell F53 (YST53), (2) Procreatin 7 (YST07), and (3) Biosaf SC47 (YST047). For the incubations, each product was added at 0 (control without yeast addition), 2, or 4 mg/g dry matter (DM). Fecal inocula for incubations with each treatment was obtained from Quarter Horse mares fed the same yeast additives for 15 days, resulting in four different fecal inocula (FI53, FI07, FI47, and FI00). The fecal content mixed with the culture media were used to inoculate three identical runs of incubation in bottles containing 1-g DM of substrate (a mixture of concentrate and oat straw [1:1 DM]). The GP, CH4, and CO2 productions were measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, and 48 hours postincubation. Addition of additives YST53 and YST07 at 2 mg/g DM resulted in higher asymptotic GP (linear effect, P ¼.021) and GP during the first 12 hours of incubation (linear effect, P <.05) compared with control without yeast addition, with the highest value being for the dose 2 mg/g DM with the fecal inoculum FI53. The additive YST47 at all doses with fecal inoculum FI47 had lower GP (linear effect, P < .05) at different incubation hours compared with control. The additive YST53 increased GP, CH4, and fermentation kinetics at the dose 2 mg/g DM with decreasing CH4 production by 78% at 4 mg/g DM at 24 hours of incubation. Addition of YST53 at 2 and 4 mg/g DM with fecal inoculum FI53 enhanced fermentation kinetics (P < .05) compared with control and other additives at different doses. It can be concluded that the yeast additive Biocell F53 was the most effective at doses of 2 and 4 mg/g DM compared with other Saccharomyces strains to attain a more favorable hindgut fermentation to digest fibrous roughages by horses

Effect of season on chemical composition and in situ degradability in cows and in adapted and unadapted goats of three Mexican browse species

Browse foliages from Lysiloma acapulcencis, Quercus laeta and Pithecellobium dulce, native to the subtropical region of southern México, were harvested during the dry season (DS) and rainy season (RS) to determine in situ degradability using ruminal inoculum from fistulated cows as well as goats previously adapted (AG) or not adapted (UG) to browse species fed in their daily diet. Browse leaf samples were incubated in the rumen of each group for 48 h. The crude protein (CP) content of browse was considerably higher in RS (P<0.001). P. dulce had the lowest neutral detergent fiber (NDFom) and acid detergent fiber (ADFom) in the two seasons; L. acapulcencis had the highest values and Q. laeta values were intermediate, with an overall increase in fiber fractions in DS browse foliage (P<0.001). The lowest in situ degradability values were in L. acapulcencis and Q. laeta had intermediate values during both seasons. Season of harvest (RS or DS), and ruminal inoculum (cows, UG, and AG) affected (P<0.001) dry matter degradability (DMD), crude protein degradability (CPD) and fiber fractions of browse. Nutrient degradabilities in all species were higher (P<0.001) in DS than RS. Goats previously exposed to these browse species (AG) had higher (P<0.001) in situ degradability of the browse species than cows or goats in UG fed diets without browse. Overall, goats had higher (P<0.001) nutrient in situ degradability than cows. Our results suggest higher potential of these browse species as forages for ruminants during the dry period in semi-arid regions, but goats previously exposed to diets supplemented with the browse species had a better ability to degrade them than cows or goats in UG. P. dulce has the highest potential as a feed protein source in small ruminants during the dry period

Effect of a Fibrolytic Enzymatic Extract from Cellulomonas flavigena on In Vitro Degradation and In Vivo Digestibility and Productive Performance of Lambs

An enzymatic extract from Cellulomonas flavigena was evaluated at 0, 2.5, 7.5, 12.5 mL/kg DM of total mixed ration (TMR) on the in vitro degradation of DM, NDF and ADF and in vivo at 0, 5.0 and 7.5 mL of extract per kg DM of TMR to determine the digestibility and productive performance of lambs fed a TMR made up of 60% forage. Twenty four Pelibuey-Kathadin lambs were used in the trial. The in vitro degradation of ADF showed a linear (P<0.05) response from 6 to 72 h. There was no effect on DM intake, daily gain or feed conversion. The enzymatic dose tended to linearly decrease the apparent digestibility of DM (P=0.06), NDF (P=0.10) and ADF (P=0.06). The N-NH3 concentration showed a linear decrease (P=0.002) and total VFA concentration was linearly (P<0.001) increased. The incorporation of extract of Cellulomonas flavigena in the diet increased in vitro degradation of cellulose in terms of ADF but did not increase the digestion or productive performance of lambs

Texture-Based Analysis of Fetal Organs in Fetal Growth Restriction

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is common, affecting around 10% of all pregnancies. Growth restricted fetuses fail to achieve their genetically predetermined size and often weigh &lt;10th centile for gestation. However, even appropriately grown fetuses can be affected, with the diagnosis of FGR missed before birth. Babies with FGR have a higher rate of stillbirth, neonatal morbidity such as breathing problems, and neurodevelopmental delay. FGR is usually due to placental insufficiency leading to poor placental perfusion and fetal hypoxia. MRI is increasingly used to image the fetus and placenta. Here we explore the use of novel multi-compartment Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Model (IVIM)-based models for MRI fetal and placental analysis, to improve understanding of FGR and quantify abnormalities and biomarkers in fetal organs. In 12 normally grown and 12 FGR gestational-age matched pregnancies (Median 28+ 4 wks±3+ 3 wks) we acquired T2 relaxometry and diffusion MRI datasets. Decreased perfusion, pseudo-diffusion coefficient, and fetal blood T2 values in the placenta and fetal liver were significant features distinguishing between FGR and normal controls (p-value &lt;0.05). This may be related to the preferential shunting of fetal blood away from the fetal liver to the fetal brain that occurs in placental insufficiency. These features were used to predict FGR diagnosis and gestational age at delivery using simple machine learning models. Texture analysis was explored to compare Haralick features between control and FGR fetuses, with the placenta and liver yielding the most significant differences between the groups. This project provides insights into the effect of FGR on fetal organs emphasizing the significant impact on the fetal liver and placenta, and the potential of an automated approach to diagnosis by leveraging simple machine learning models

PIPPI2021: An Approach to Automated Diagnosis and Texture Analysis of the Fetal Liver & Placenta in Fetal Growth Restriction

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a prevalent pregnancy condition characterised by failure of the fetus to reach its genetically predetermined growth potential. We explore the application of model fitting techniques, linear regression machine learning models, deep learning regression, and Haralick textured features from multi-contrast MRI for multi-fetal organ analysis of FGR. We employed T2 relaxometry and diffusion-weighted MRI datasets (using a combined T2-diffusion scan) for 12 normally grown and 12 FGR gestational age (GA) matched pregnancies. We applied the Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Model and novel multi-compartment models for MRI fetal analysis, which exhibit potential to provide a multi-organ FGR assessment, overcoming the limitations of empirical indicators - such as abnormal artery Doppler findings - to evaluate placental dysfunction. The placenta and fetal liver presented key differentiators between FGR and normal controls (decreased perfusion, abnormal fetal blood motion and reduced fetal blood oxygenation. This may be associated with the preferential shunting of the fetal blood towards the fetal brain. These features were further explored to determine their role in assessing FGR severity, by employing simple machine learning models to predict FGR diagnosis (100\% accuracy in test data, n=5), GA at delivery, time from MRI scan to delivery, and baby weight. Moreover, we explored the use of deep learning to regress the latter three variables. Image texture analysis of the fetal organs demonstrated prominent textural variations in the placental perfusion fractions maps between the groups (p$<$0.0009), and spatial differences in the incoherent fetal capillary blood motion in the liver (p$<$0.009). This research serves as a proof-of-concept, investigating the effect of FGR on fetal organs

In vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics and energy utilization of three Mexican tree fodder species during the rainy and dry period

A factorial experimental design (3×2×3) was used to evaluate the effect of season of harvest and type of ruminal inoculums on in vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics and energy utilization of three browse tree foliages (Lysiloma acapulcencis, Quercus laeta and Pithecellobium dulce). Browse species were harvested during the dry season (DS) and rainy season (RS) and incubated with three different ruminal inoculums: cow, goats previously adapted (AG) or not adapted (UG) to browse species fed in their daily diet. Chemical composition, total condensed tannin (TCT), free-condensed tannin (free-CT), protein-bound condensed tannin (PCT), fiber-bound condensed tannin (FCT) as well as in vitro assaying of ruminal gas production kinetics was determined, while the short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and metabolizable energy (ME) were estimated. Crude protein (CP) was considerably higher (season×browse; P<0.001) during RS. P. dulce had the lowest neutral detergent fiber (NDFom) and acid detergent fiber (ADFom) in both seasons, while L. acapulcencis had the highest values and Q. laeta values were intermediate, with an overall increase in fiber fractions in DS browse foliages (season×browse; P<0.001). TCT content in tree species revealed differences (P<0.01). FCT and PCT were lower in Q. laeta and P. dulce during the RS than in DS, lower (P<0.01) Free-CT fractions were observed in L. acapulcencis and Q. Laeta than in P. dulce, during both seasons. in vitro gas production parameters was increased (P<0.05) in DS than in RS in browses with low and medium tannins contents (i.e., P. dulce and Q. laeta); consequently, browses energy utilization (i.e., SCFA and ME) and organic matter degradability (OMD) as well as fermentation efficiency (i.e., partition factor; PF) were improved (P<0.05). Generally, P. dulce had the highest (P<0.001) ruminal fermentation parameters and energy utilization values (more in DS than RS), while lowest values were founded in L. acapulcencis. Ruminal fluid ofADandUGhad higher (P<0.001) browse ruminal fermentation kinetics, efficiency and energy utilization than cow’s rumen fluid. The browse fermentation and energy utilization was improved in DS versus in RS and the browse fermentation and utilization were highest (P<0.05) in AG ruminal fluid than the others. Our results suggested a better nutritive value of P. dulce and Q. laeta with low and medium tannins contents and high CP concentration in cows and goats during the DS. Goats previously fed browse species in diets had a better ability to degrade and ferment the browse species than other animals

Cardiovascular Disease among Syrian refugees: a descriptive study of patients in two Médecins Sans Frontières clinics in northern Lebanon.

BACKGROUND: Literature on the burden and management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in humanitarian settings is limited. This study aimed to describe patient characteristics and explore both service use and use of recommended secondary prevention drugs in Syrian refugee patients with ASCVD attending two Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) clinics in Lebanon. METHODS: This study comprised a cross-sectional survey of ASCVD patients attending either MSF clinic over a four-week period in early 2017. Using descriptive statistics, we explored patient demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and assessed ASCVD secondary prevention medication prescription and patient adherence with a 7-day self-report scale. A retrospective study of routine clinical data explored workload and trends in patient loss to follow-up. We performed logistic regression modelling to explore risk factors for loss to follow-up. RESULTS: We included 514 patients with ASCVD in the cross-sectional study, performed in 2017. Most (61.9%) were male and mean age was 60.4 years (95% CI, 59.6-61.3). Over half (58.8%) underwent revascularization and 26.1% had known cerebrovascular disease. ASCVD risk factors included 51.8% with diabetes and 72.2% with hypertension. While prescription (75.7 to 98.2%) and self-reported adherence rates (78.4 to 93.9%) for individual ASCVD secondary prevention drugs (ACE-inhibitor, statin and antiplatelet) were high, the use of all three was low at 41.3% (CI95%: 37.0-45.6). The 5-year retrospective cohort study (ending April 2017) identified 1286 patients with ASCVD and 16,618 related consultations (comprising 24% of all NCD consultations). Over one third (39.7%) of patients were lost to follow-up, with lower risk among men. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of ASCVD within MSF clinics in Lebanon is substantial. Although prescription and adherence of individual secondary prevention drugs is acceptable, overall use of the three recommended drugs is suboptimal. Loss to follow-up rates were high. Further studies are needed to evaluate innovative strategies to increase the use of the multiple recommended drugs, and to increase the retention of patients with ASCVD in the care system