In-transit sentinel lymph nodes predicted by F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography

Although the in-transit lymph node is a well-known issue in malignant melanoma, it is not documented sufficiently in breast cancer. In this case report an in-transit lymph node demonstrated by both PET/CT and sentinel lymph node mapping and diagnosed by pathology is reported

A case with CMTX1 disease showing transient ischemic-attack-like episodes

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a hereditary neurologic disease which affects the sensorial and motor fibers of the peripheral nerves. CMTX1 is an X-linked dominantly inherited subtype of CMT and is caused by mutations in gap junction beta 1 gene (GJB1). A small proportion of GJB1 mutations are associated with recurrent central nervous system findings. We describe a 15-year-old male patient with CMTX1 who had stroke-like findings along with foot deformities and peripheral neuropathy. Strokes and stroke-like attacks are rarely seen in children and adolescents. Herein, neurological signs, MRI findings and genetic results of a CMTX1 case are presented and discussed

Corneal properties in children with congenital isolated growth hormone deficiency

<b>AIM:</b>To compare the corneal parameters of children with congenital isolated growth hormone deficiency and healthy subjects.<b>METHODS:</b> In this cross-sectional, prospective study, 50 cases with growth hormone (GH) deficiency treated with recombinant GH and 71 healthy children underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. The corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) and corneal-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) were measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA). Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured by a ultrasonic pachymeter.<b>RESULTS:</b> The mean age was 13.0±3.0 years in the GH deficiency group consisting of 21 females and 29 males and 13.4±2.4 years in the healthy children group consisting of 41 females and 30 males. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for gender or age (Chi-square test, <i>P</i>=0.09; independent <i>t</i>-test, <i>P</i>=0.28, respectively). The mean duration of recombinant GH therapy was 3.8±2.4y in the study group. The mean CH, CRF, IOPg and IOPcc values were 11.0±2.0, 10.9±1.9, 15.1±3.3, and 15.1±3.2 mm Hg respectively in the study group. The same values were 10.7±1.7, 10.5±1.7, 15.2±3.3, and 15.3±3.4 mm Hg respectively in the control group. The mean CCT values were 555.7±40.6, 545.1±32.5 µm in the study and control groups respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for CH, CRF, IOPg, IOPcc measurements or CCT values (independent <i>t</i>-test, <i>P</i>=0.315, 0.286, 0.145, 0.747, 0.13 respectively).<b>CONCLUSION:</b> Our study suggests that GH deficiency does not have an effect on the corneal parameters and CCT values. This observation could be because of the duration between the beginning of disease and the diagnosis and beginning of GH therapy

Prevalence and co-incidence of geriatric syndromes according to the ECOG performance status in older cancer patients

BackgroundGeriatric syndromes may be more common in older cancer patients than in those without cancer. Geriatric syndromes can cause poor clinical outcomes. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS) is often used as a clinically reported functional status score in oncology practice.MethodsOur study was designed as a cross-sectional study and included 218 older cancer patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and relationship of geriatric syndromes according to the ECOG-PS in older cancer patients.ResultsThe mean age of 218 participants was 73.0 ± 5.6 years, with 47.7% being women and 52.3% men in our study. ECOG-PS 0, 1, and 2 groups contained 51, 39, and 10% of the patients, respectively. The mean number of geriatric syndromes in the ECOG 0, 1, and 2 groups was 2.3 ± 2.2, 4.3 ± 2.4, and 5.7 ± 2.1, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). After adjusting for age and sex, it was determined that dynapenia was 2.9 times, probable sarcopenia was 3.5 times, frailty was 4.2 times, depression was 2.6 times, malnutrition was 3.3 times, insomnia 2 was.2 times, falls was 2.5 times, and the risk of falling (TUG) was 2.4 times more likely in those with ECOG-PS 1 compared to those with ECOG-PS 0. In addition, it was found that dynapenia was 6 times, probable sarcopenia was 6.8 times, frailty was 10.8 times, depression was 3.3 times, malnutrition was 6.3 times, the risk of falling (Tinnetti Balance) was 28 times, and the risk of falling (TUG) was 13.6 times more likely in those with ECOG-PS 2 compared to those with ECOG-PS 0.ConclusionOur study found that the prevalence of geriatric syndromes increased as the ECOG-PS increased. Geriatric syndromes and their co-incidence were common in older cancer patients, even in normal performance status. Oncologists should incorporate geriatric syndromes into the decision-making process of cancer treatment to maximize the impact on clinical outcomes in older patients with cancer

Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe: A prospective European multicentre observational study

BACKGROUND: Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl-1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≥week 3) onwards. OBJECTIVE: To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome. DESIGN: A multicentre observational study. SETTING: The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. PATIENTS: The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, 'delta haemoglobin' (preprocedure - transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl-1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl-1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl-1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg-1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl-1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348

A NOTE FOR FINDING EXACT SOLUTIONS OF SOME NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

WOS: 000437057300010In this note, we show that a particular solution of Bernoulli equation is also the solutions of various second and high order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The differential equations having solution as a particular solution of Bernoulli equation are listed accordingly. We have exemplified some of nonlinear equations having solution as a particular solution of Bernoulli equation

Observations on the class of "Balancing Principle" for nonlinear PDEs that can be treated by the auxiliary equation method

WOS: 000351964500002There is collection of methods for finding explicit travelling wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs) in the literature. Quite a large amount of these methods employ "Balancing Principle" in their methodology and they work for positive integer values only. Yet there is no well established formula for balancing and there is no specific rule to determine adequate balancing principle that works for any number which is positive/or negative and/or rational. In this study, we propose a new balancing principle which works for large range of the numbers either positive/or negative and/or rational that makes it possible to obtain new and original explicit travelling wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs). (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Application of the exp-function method for solving nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations arising in mathematical biology

WOS: 000282481700006In this work we consider nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations arising in mathematical biology. We use the exp-function method in order to obtain conventional solitons and periodic solutions. The proposed scheme can be applied to a wide class of nonlinear equations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.TUBiTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council Of Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK)The authors are grateful to the referees for their invaluable suggestions and comments as regards the improvement of the paper. Also the authors thank TUBiTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council Of Turkey) for their financial support