Screening of rice varieties based on remodeling of root architecture linked to enhanced phosphorus transporters and ethylene signaling for better phosphorous acquisition under limiting conditions

Root architectural modifications in response to altered nutrient level can be used as selection marker for better adapted rice varieties. In this study, we screened six local rice varieties commonly grown in Pakistan, using their unique root architecture and several molecular markers to identify best adapted local variety under phosphorus limiting conditions. Our data showed that rice variety with significant changes in its three-dimensional root architecture system (RSA) and enhanced expression of phosphorus transporters (OsPT2, OsPT4 and OsPT6) is the best variety to handle stress as compared to other varieties. Along with development of screening strategy/method, our data provided evidence that phosphorus starvation leads to upregulation of stress hormone ethylene, which regulates root elongation and root hair development therefore facilitating root architecture modification. We then further checked, how to mitigate or enhance phosphorus starvation responses by application of hormones exogenously, our results showed that ethylene application/ treatment enhances phosphorus starvation responses, whereas cytokinin on the other hand reverses deficiency effects which implicates hormonal cross talk is key to modulate P-deficiency responses in rice. This study provides an easy and quick method of analysis of root architecture as physiological marker for rice screening and improve crop yield by selecting best adapted variety for P deficient soils. In future, detail study for understanding phytohormone mediated transcriptomic changes in response to nutrient deficiency and in correlation with physiological response will help to select better adapted varieties that will eventually result in increase of rice yield

Optimizing tomato seedling growth with indigenous mangrove bacterial inoculants and reduced NPK fertilization

The search for ecofriendly products to reduce crop dependence on synthetic chemical fertilizers presents a new challenge. The present study aims to isolate and select efficient native PGPB that can reduce reliance on synthetic NPK fertilizers. A total of 41 bacteria were isolated from the sediment and roots of mangrove trees (Avicennia marina) and assessed for their PGP traits under in vitro conditions. Of them, only two compatible strains of Bacillus species were selected to be used individually and in a mix to promote tomato seedling growth. The efficiency of three inoculants applied to the soil was assessed in a pot experiment at varying rates of synthetic NPK fertilization (0, 50, and 100% NPK). The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with three replications. Results showed that the different inoculants significantly increased almost all the studied parameters. However, their effectiveness is strongly linked to the applied rate of synthetic fertilization. Applying bacterial inoculant with only 50% NPK significantly increased the plant height (44-51%), digital biomass (60-86%), leaf area (77-87%), greenness average (29-36%), normalized difference vegetation index (29%), shoot dry weight (82-92%) and root dry weight (160-205%) compared to control plants. Concerning the photosynthetic activity, this treatment showed a positive impact on the concentrations of chlorophyll a (25-31%), chlorophyll b (34-39%), and carotenoid (45-49%). Interestingly, these increases ensured the highest values significantly similar to or higher than those of control plants given 100% NPK. Furthermore, the highest accumulation of N, P, K, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Ca in tomato shoots was recorded in plants inoculated with the bacterial mix at 50% NPK. It was proven for the first time that the native PGP bacteria derived from mangrove plant species A. marina positively affects the quality of tomato seedlings while reducing 50% NPK