Inward FDI in Poland and its policy context

By 2009, Poland had attracted the highest inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) stock (US$ 182 billion) among the new members of the European Union (EU) from Central and Eastern Europe. Its FDI inflows increased considerably after the country's accession to the EU. They fell during the crisis, but rather modestly, remaining at higher levels than in other countries of the region. The combination of a competitive and constantly improving policy framework for FDI and investment in general, the best GDP growth performance among the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2009 and favorable projections for 2010 and 2011 augurs well for the recovery of IFDI in Poland. In fact, there are signs of strong recovery already in the first quarter of 2010, with FDI inflows over two times higher than during the same period of the previous year

Outward FDI from Poland and its policy context, 2011

During the transition toward a market economy, for many years Poland's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) was small and limited to trade-supporting activities in key export markets. It took off and started growing rapidly only five or six years ago, when the Polish private sector had matured enough to start generating homegrown multinational enterprises (MNEs). Some state-owned enterprises (SOEs) began also investing abroad, sometimes with the Government's encouragement. By contrast, in terms of private companies, Poland adopted a laissez-faire policy, leaving the emergence and expansion of private MNEs to market forces. In addition, Poland became a source and a transit country for large cross-border flows of funds among units of foreign and Polish firms, classified as FDI flows, artificially inflating OFDI. In the first year of the worldwide financial and economic crisis (2008) OFDI flows declined rather modestly to start growing again in 2009 and 2010 due to a relatively good performance of the Polish economy during the crisis

Inward FDI in Poland and its policy context, 2012

Good economic performance, one of the best in European Union (EU) economies during the global crisis of 2008-2009 and the subsequent economic slowdown in Europe in 2009 and 2010, did not save Poland from experiencing a decline in foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows during 2008-2010. Inflows in 2010, at US$9 billion, were only 38$ 14.3 billion. In 2010, the FDI stock in Poland surpassed US$ 200 billion for the first time and was by far the largest among the stocks held in the new member economies of the EU from Central and Eastern Europe. Economic prospects of Poland are favorable, but the ongoing debt crisis and the continuing economic slowdown in Western Europe, the dominant home region for multinational enterprises (MNEs) investing in Poland, put a question mark on the strength of any further recovery of FDI inflows

FDI has benefitted the EU members from Central and Eastern Europe and can continue to do so

Large roles of foreign firms in Central and Eastern Europe are seen as risky and disconcerting to some. They, however, largely reflect FDI contributions critical for economic development ̶ and difficult to achieve with domestic resources ̶ which can continue in the foreseeable future

中东欧欧盟成员国受益于FDI，且将持续受益

Large roles of foreign firms in Central and Eastern Europe are seen as risky and disconcerting to some. They, however, largely reflect FDI contributions critical for economic development ̶ and difficult to achieve with domestic resources ̶ which can continue in the foreseeable future

共产主义垮台 30 年后:输入型外国直接投资的经验教训

This Perspective explores the implications for the home countries of large MNEs of the agreement reached by over 140 countries in 2021 to enact a corporate minimum tax of 15%. It argues that the corporate minimum tax complements the trend to reduce the negative impact of unfettered globalization on labor, and it protects the ability of home countries to finance a robust social safety net. Home countries should adopt the corporate minimum tax, and that includes the US, which last year failed to adapt its Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income approach to the corporate minimum tax

30 years after the fall of Communism: lessons learned for inward FDI

Accomplishing a goal widely shared by emerging economies but achieved by few, East European countries attracted large amounts of FDI, especially export-oriented FDI, easing their transition from communist into market economies. This Perspective highlights key factors behind the EU11’s success and draws potential lessons for other countries

Inward and Outward FDI Country Profiles, Second Edition

This second edition contains a series of 77 standardized country profiles dealing with the inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) performance of 40 economies. The profiles have been peer-reviewed by a global network of experts. The publication is intended to contribute to the analysis of trends in foreign direct investment and policy issues related to them. More specifically, the individual profiles discuss FDI trends and developments (country-level developments, the corporate players); effects of the recent global crises; and the policy scene. Each profile contains a standard set of tables, including on FDI stocks and flows, sectoral and geographical FDI distributions, the largest M&As and greenfield investments, the principal foreign affiliates (for inward FDI), and the principal multinational enterprises (for outward FDI). The standardized template used to produce the profiles allows cross-country comparisons. The volume is meant to be a reference tool for anyone interested in foreign direct investment

Foreign Direct Investment in Poland’s Economic Development: Accomplishments and Challenges

Celem artykułu jest analiza wkładu bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych (BIZ) w rozwoju gospodarczym Polski oraz identyfikacja przyszłych wyzwań związanych z tymi inwestycjami i sposobów zmagania się z nimi. W trakcie transformacji ustrojowej Polska osiągnęła znaczny postęp i sukces w rozwoju gospodarczym, rzadki w skali światowej. BIZ przyczyniły się w dużym stopniu do rozwoju, podnosząc wydajność pracy, płace i zaawansowanie technologiczne wielu branż usługowych i przemysłowych. Siłą napędową gospodarki był szybki wzrost eksportu przemysłowego i nowoczesnych usług, w którym przedsiębiorstwa zagraniczne odegrały bardzo dużą rolę. Rozwój z udziałem BIZ może nadal trwać pod warunkiem sprostania kluczowym wyzwaniom, którymi są wygrywanie konkurencji o proeksportowe inwestycje z innymi krajami i na dłuższą metę, erozja podstaw tych inwestycji w postaci niskich płac. Na końcu podano sugestie, jak można zmierzyć się z tymi wyzwaniami.The objective of the paper is to examine the key contributions of foreign direct investment (FDI) to Poland’s economic development and to identify future challenges and possible ways of coping with them. During the process of transition Poland has achieved considerable progress in economic development, on a scale rare among countries of the world. Ever increasing FDI has been instrumental in facilitating development. It has contributed to raising labour productivity, wages and technological level of many services and manufacturing industries. Foreign affiliates have played a particularly important role in the rapid growth of industrial and modern services exports which have been the engine of economic growth. Further FDI-assisted economic progress is possible but will depend on how Poland will cope with the challenges associated with these investments. One challenge is the need to win export-oriented FDI in competition with other countries. Another, in a long term, is the erosion of comparative advantages on which these investments are based. The paper concludes by making suggestions about how to deal with these challenges