Влияние обменного курса рубля на прямые иностранные инвестиции из ЕС в Россию в период 2014–2020 годов

The purpose of this study is to explain the impact of fluctuations in the exchange rate of the Russian currency on the inflow of FDI from the European Union to the Russian Federation in the period 2014–2020 in order to provide practical recommendations for the development of investment policy and FDI attraction. The author used a threestage methodology, including theoretical, statistical and empirical analyses. The theoretical positions of the influence of the value of the currency on the inflow of various types of FDI into the national economy are determined. It has been established that the increase in the value of the currency has a positive effect on the inflow of FDI and on industries focused on the domestic market of the country. The weakening of the real exchange rate of the ruble generally had a negative impact on FDI inflows into the Russian market. With the fall in the exchange rate, foreign firms targeting the Russian market have reduced their investments. At the same time, export-oriented firms have increased their presence in the form of fixed investment in Russia. Empirical confirmation of theoretical provisions allows using the obtained results when making decisions regarding investment policy and attracting FDI to the national economy.Цель данного исследования — объяснить влияние колебаний курса российской валюты на приток ПИИ из Европейского союза в Российскую Федерацию в период 2014–2020 гг., чтобы предоставить практические рекомендации для разработки политики инвестирования и привлечения ПИИ. Автор использовал трехступенчатую методологию, включающую теоретический, статистический и эмпирический анализы. Определены теоретические положения влияния стоимости валюты на приток различных видов ПИИ в национальную экономику. Установлено, что повышение стоимости валюты положительно влияет на приток ПИИ и на отрасли, ориентированные на внутренний рынок страны. Ослабление реального обменного курса рубля в целом негативно сказалось на притоке ПИИ на российский рынок. С падением обменного курса иностранные фирмы, ориентированные на российский рынок, сократили свои инвестиции. В то же время экспортно ориентированные фирмы увеличили свое присутствие в виде инвестиций в основной капитал в России. Эмпирическое подтверждение теоретических положений позволяет использовать полученные результаты при принятии решений относительно инвестиционной политики и привлечения ПИИ в национальную экономику

Меры денежно-кредитной и фискальной политики в период экономического кризиса COVID-19 в России

The author examines how monetary and fiscal policy influences the shocks facilities in the Russian economy caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The article aims to provide an economic assessment of the monetary measures by the Central Bank and the Government of the Russian Federation to overcome the consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. The author exploited the methods of content analysis, benchmarking, and logical analysis. The study covers the period of March — July 2020 and relies on the analysis of data from international organizations, analytical centers, mass media, official data sources of the Government of Russia and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. The literature review and the analysis of the Mundell-Fleming model contribute to the better understanding of monetary policy of countries in its connection with fiscal policy. The author analyzed the monetary and fiscal measures against the COVID-19 crisis in Russia and other countries. The study provides the assessment of the COVID-19 shocks and the remedial actions. The conclusion is that when most economic activity is prohibited, lower interest rates cannot stimulate it in the short term. More visible are the efforts to maintain liquidity in the economy, as financial institutions often have troubles. During the analysis, the work focuses on the theoretical foundations of monetary policy and its connection with fiscal policy, as well as provides a number of stylized facts of its implementation in Russia during the coronavirus pandemic. This can be useful for further empirical research and practical recommendations in the field of monetary and fiscal policy in the Russian Federation.Автор рассматривает влияние монетарной и фискальной политики на преодоление шоков в российской экономике, вызванных пандемией коронавируса. Цель исследования — дать экономическую оценку монетарных и фискальных мер, предпринимаемых Центральным банком и Правительством Российской федерации для преодоления последствий кризиса COVID-19. Использованы такие методы, как контент-анализ, бенчмаркинг, логический анализ. Исследование охватывает период март — июль 2020 г. и основано на анализе данных международных организаций, аналитических центров, средств массовой информации, официальных источников данных Правительства России и ЦБ РФ. Сделан обзор литературы и анализ модели Манделла-Флеминга для понимания монетарной политики стран в ее увязке с налогово-бюджетной политикой. Проанализированы денежно-кредитные и фискальные меры в ответ на кризис COVID-19, предпринимаемые в России и в других странах. Дана оценка шоков COVID-19 и соответствующих макроэкономических мер для их устранения. Сделан вывод, что в условиях, когда большая часть экономической деятельности запрещена, более низкие процентные ставки не могут стимулировать ее в краткосрочной перспективе. Меры по упрощению регулирования, направленные на поддержание ликвидности в экономике, являются более заметными, поскольку финансовые институты часто испытывают проблемы. В ходе анализа рассмотрены теоретические основы монетарной политики и ее связь с фискальной, а также приведен ряд стилизованных фактов ее реализации в России в период коронавируса. Это может стать основой для дальнейших эмпирических исследований и разработки практических рекомендаций в сфере денежно-кредитной и фискальной политики в Российской Федерации.

Nucleon-nucleon interaction in the JJ-matrix inverse scattering approach and few-nucleon systems

The nucleon-nucleon interaction is constructed by means of the $J$-matrix version of inverse scattering theory. Ambiguities of the interaction are eliminated by postulating tridiagonal and quasi-tridiagonal forms of the potential matrix in the oscillator basis in uncoupled and coupled waves, respectively. The obtained interaction is very accurate in reproducing the $NN$ scattering data and deuteron properties. The interaction is used in the no-core shell model calculations of $^3$H and $^4$He nuclei. The resulting binding energies of $^3$H and $^4$He are very close to experimental values.Comment: Text is revised, new figures and references adde

Phytohormonal regulation of in vitro formation of wheat androgenic structures

This research is devoted to developing a method of phytohormonal regulation of in vitro formation of a certain type of wheat androgenic structures. Using the method of ELISA it was shown that the induction of certain sporophytic morphogenesis pathway in vitro of anther haploid cells - microspores depends on both the content of endogenous auxin IAA in anthers before inoculating them onto induction medium, and the concentration of exogenous auxin 2,4-D in this medium. The obtained data confirms the principle possibility of regulation of ways of getting androgenic regenerants in vitro by selecting the optimal balance of endogenous and exogenous auxin

Single-turn Coils for Magnetic Pulse Welding of High-strength Steel Parts

Magnetic pulse welding provides high quality joining of fuel pin cladding for fast nuclear reactors. The tool coil there operates under the most stressful conditions: 40 T magnetic fields with tens of microseconds duration. This requires minimal coil inductance and affects the capabilities and lifetime of the coils. Two approaches are being practiced to enhance the coil durability: material research and construction optimization. The first approach considers the use of high strength steels or composite materials for the coil working area. The present work is aimed to realize the second approach – the use of multi position coils in order to maximize the number of parts welded in one coil. Experiments and finite element modeling were carried out for two designs of two- and four-position single-turn coils, which were made to process several workpieces in one current pulse. The main parameters measured and calculated were the magnetic field between the coil and the workpiece, and the ratio of its amplitude to the discharge current, Bm/Im. The currents flowing through the coils were about 700 kA, which correspond to the magnetic fields of 40–45 T. The FEM modeling revealed a 17–19% drop of the magnetic induction near the insulated slit, which, however, did not prevent the helium-tight joining of the tubes to the end plugs

Application of the JJ-matrix Method to Faddeev-Merkuriev equation: beyond pseudostates

A version of the $J$-matrix method for solving numerically the three-body Faddeev-Merkuriev differential equations is proposed. This version allows to take into account the full spectrum of the two-body Coulomb subsystem. As a result, a discrete analog of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation is obtained which allows to interpret correctly the three-body wave function in two-body domains. The scheme is applied to calculations of the fully resolved absolute differential cross sections for the He$(e,2e)$He$^+$ and He$(e,3e)$He$^{++}$ reactions at small energy and momentum transfers. The results are in good agreement with the experiment both in shape and in absolute value.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figure