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    Interplay between Mechanical, Electrical, and Thermal Relaxations in Nanocomposite Proton Conducting Membranes Based on Na\ufb01on and a [(ZrO2)\ub7(Ta2O5)0.119] core-shell nanofiller

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    The thermal, mechanical and electric properties of hybrid membranes based on Nafion that contain a [(ZrO2) 19(Ta2O5)0.119] \u201ccore-shell\u201d nanofiller are elucidated. DSC investigations reveal the presence of four endothermic transitions between 50 and 300\ub0C. The DMA results indicate improved mechanical stability of the hybrid materials. The DSC and DMA results are consistent with our previous suggestion of dynamic R-SO3H 19 19 19[ZrTa] cross-links in the material. These increase the thermal stability of the \u2013SO3H groups and the temperature of thermal relaxation events occurring in hydrophobic domains of Nafion. The broadband electric spectroscopic analysis reveals two electric relaxations associated with the materials\u2019 interfacial (\u3c3IP) and bulk proton conductivities (\u3c3EP). The wet [Nafion/(ZrTa)1.042] membrane has a conductivity of 7.0 710 122 Scm 121 at 115\ub0C, while Nafion has a conductivity of 3.3 710 122 Scm 121 at the same temperature and humidification conditions. \u3c3EP shows VTF behaviour, suggesting that the long-range conductivity is closely related to the segmental motion of the Nafion host matrix. Long range conduction (\u3c3EP) occurs when the dynamics of the fluorocarbon matrix induces contact between different delocalization bodies (DB), which results in proton exchange processes between these DB
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