Process Approaches to Utilization of Domestic Low-Grade Fuels for Power Generation

Использование местных топливных ресурсов является одним из директивно обозначенных и обсуждаемых путей повышения энергетической безопасности и формирования экономически обоснованных топливно-энергетических балансов регионов Российской Федерации. Для территорий, обладающих локальными проявлениями запасов бурых углей, этот вид ископаемого топлива при наличии благоприятствующих условий имеет преимущественное значение. На примере Таловского месторождения Томской области рассмотрены технически осуществимые варианты вовлечения низкосортных топлив в использование на тепловых электростанциях региона, а также на энергетических объектах промышленного и муниципального назначения. Приоритетным условием реализации всех вариантов, включая сжигание местного угольного топлива «с колёс», в смеси с базовым топливом, поставляемым в регион, в смеси с продуктами термической переработки и др., принято отсутствие или минимизация затрат на реконструкцию действующего основного и вспомогательного оборудования. Для каждой из обсуждаемых технологий обозначены ограничения, которые накладываются свойствами используемого топливаUtilization of domestic fuel resources is one of the ways that are being discussed and defined in the guiding documents to increase the energy security and formation of economically feasible fuel and energy balances in the Russian Federation regions. For the territories possessing occurrences of lignite, this type of fossil fuel is of primary importance under the favorable conditions. Based on the example of Talovskoye deposit in Tomsk region, the technically viable options of low-grade fuels utilization at the regional thermal power plants were considered, as well as at the industrial and municipal power facilities. A high-priority implication for implementing all options, including burning of domestic coal fuel just-in-time, in combination with the basic fuel, supplied to the region together with thermal processing products and other, the absence or minimization of costs for modernization of the operating main and auxiliary equipment is adopted. Limitations, imposed by the utilized fuel properties, are specified for every technology under discussio

Biomass Conversion into Solid Composite Fuel for Bed-Combustion

The purpose of this research is the conversion of different types of biomass into solid composite fuel. The subject of research is the heat conversion of biomass into solid composite fuel. The research object is the biomass of the Tomsk region (Russia): peat, waste wood, lake sapropel. Physical experiment of biomass conversion is used as method of research. The new experimental unit for thermal conversion of biomass into carbon residue, fuel gas and pyrolysis condensate is described. As a result of research such parameters are obtained: thermotechnical biomass characteristics, material balances and product characteristics of the heat-technology conversion. Different methods of obtaining solid composite fuel from the products of thermal technologies are considered. As a result, it is established: heat-technology provides efficient conversion of the wood chips and peat; conversion of the lake sapropel is inefficient since the solid composite fuel has the high ash content and net calorific value

Thermophysical properties of the products of low-grade fuels thermal recycling

The relevance of the work is caused by reorientation of the modern power engineering to use of local low grade fuel resources. Some types of low grade fuels (peat, brown coal, sapropel, wood chips) are considered in this work. Thermotechnical characteristics of the investigated fuels and products of their thermal recycling are determined. Thermal recycling process is accompanied by release of fuel dissociation heat (0.33-3.69 MJ/kg). The results of thermal low grade fuel recycling are solid carbonaceous product (semi-coke) with a calorific value higher in 1.5-7 times than the value of natural fuels; pyrolysis resin with calorific value 29.4-36.8 MJ/kg; combustible gas with calorific value 15.16-19.06 MJ/m3

Low-temperature catalytic conversion of carbonaceous materials

Laws of the rate of carbon conversion in steam atmosphere at a temperature in modes of the catalytic low-temperature treatment of peat, brown coal, semi-coke from peat and brown coal are obtained by experiments. Increasing of the rate of carbon conversion in temperature range up to 500 °C is achieved by using of catalysts. The possibility of using results is associated with the burners, a working zone of which is porous filling from carbonaceous particles

Numerical investigation of the combustion process for design and non-design coal in T-shaped boilers with swirl burners

In this paper, we present the results of a numerical investigation into the combustion process in a boiler furnace chamber with swirl burners using design coal (non-coking coal) and substitute coal (coking coal). The paper describes the development of a three-dimensional combustion model for coal burning in a boiler furnace chamber. The utility boiler operates on high-ash non-coking coal with an ash content of 41.94%. Due to the high ash content in the design coal, most of it is released into the atmosphere, which negatively affects the environment and the surrounding area. We suggest that this coal by a different coal with a lower ash content. It was found that during the combustion of substitute coal at the level of burner, the temperature in the entire cross section increases by 200 K, due to more intense fuel burnout at the outer boundary of the burner torches. It is found that the substitute coal may be burned in the boiler furnace chamber and can provide reliable operation if the swirl burner angle is set at 50° for the secondary air and at 45° for the fuel-air mixture

Thermophysical properties of the products of low-grade fuels thermal recycling

The relevance of the work is caused by reorientation of the modern power engineering to use of local low grade fuel resources. Some types of low grade fuels (peat, brown coal, sapropel, wood chips) are considered in this work. Thermotechnical characteristics of the investigated fuels and products of their thermal recycling are determined. Thermal recycling process is accompanied by release of fuel dissociation heat (0.33-3.69 MJ/kg). The results of thermal low grade fuel recycling are solid carbonaceous product (semi-coke) with a calorific value higher in 1.5-7 times than the value of natural fuels; pyrolysis resin with calorific value 29.4-36.8 MJ/kg; combustible gas with calorific value 15.16-19.06 MJ/m3

Low-temperature catalytic conversion of carbonaceous materials

Laws of the rate of carbon conversion in steam atmosphere at a temperature in modes of the catalytic low-temperature treatment of peat, brown coal, semi-coke from peat and brown coal are obtained by experiments. Increasing of the rate of carbon conversion in temperature range up to 500 °C is achieved by using of catalysts. The possibility of using results is associated with the burners, a working zone of which is porous filling from carbonaceous particles

Low-temperature conversion of low-grade organic raw, part 2 (economic aspects)

Algorithm for estimating the efficiency of investment in innovative energy technologies has been used as a method of research. Two scripts of the project development (optimistic and pessimistic) were considered. Cost-effectiveness of replacing diesel power plants on the conversion units was determined

Low-temperature conversion of low-grade organic raw, part 2 (economic aspects)

Algorithm for estimating the efficiency of investment in innovative energy technologies has been used as a method of research. Two scripts of the project development (optimistic and pessimistic) were considered. Cost-effectiveness of replacing diesel power plants on the conversion units was determined

Low-temperature conversion of low-grade organic raw, part 2 (economic aspects)

Algorithm for estimating the efficiency of investment in innovative energy technologies has been used as a method of research. Two scripts of the project development (optimistic and pessimistic) were considered. Cost-effectiveness of replacing diesel power plants on the conversion units was determined