110 research outputs found
Defining the industrial and engineering management professional profile: a longitudinal study based on job advertisements
The engineering professional profiles have been discussed by several branches of the engineering field. On the one hand, this discussion helps to understand the professional practice and contributes to the specification of the competences that are suitable for each function and company culture. On the other hand, it is an essential starting point for the definition of curricula in engineering schools. Thus, this study aims to characterize, in an innovative way based on job advertisements, the demand for competences and areas of practice for Industrial Engineering and Management contributing for the definition of a professional profile. This characterization is based on the analysis of 1391 job advertisements, collected during seven years from a Portuguese newspaper. The data analysis takes into account the job description in which two categories were considered: areas of professional practice (e.g. project management) and transversal competences (e.g. teamwork). Considering the total number of job advertisements, it was possible to identify 1,962 cumulative references for 11 professional practice areas and 5,261 cumulative references for transversal competences. The contribution of this study lies on the identification of the main areas of practice and the main transversal competences demanded by employers.This work was partially funded by COMPETE-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT-UID-CEC-00319-2013
Energetic electron precipitation driven by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves from ELFIN's low altitude perspective
We review comprehensive observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC)
wave-driven energetic electron precipitation using data from the energetic
electron detector on the Electron Losses and Fields InvestigatioN (ELFIN)
mission, two polar-orbiting low-altitude spinning CubeSats, measuring 50-5000
keV electrons with good pitch-angle and energy resolution. EMIC wave-driven
precipitation exhibits a distinct signature in energy-spectrograms of the
precipitating-to-trapped flux ratio: peaks at 0.5 MeV which are abrupt (bursty)
with significant substructure (occasionally down to sub-second timescale).
Multiple ELFIN passes over the same MLT sector allow us to study the spatial
and temporal evolution of the EMIC wave - electron interaction region. Using
two years of ELFIN data, we assemble a statistical database of 50 events of
strong EMIC wave-driven precipitation. Most reside at L=5-7 at dusk, while a
smaller subset exists at L=8-12 at post-midnight. The energies of the
peak-precipitation ratio and of the half-peak precipitation ratio (our proxy
for the minimum resonance energy) exhibit an L-shell dependence in good
agreement with theoretical estimates based on prior statistical observations of
EMIC wave power spectra. The precipitation ratio's spectral shape for the most
intense events has an exponential falloff away from the peak (i.e., on either
side of 1.45 MeV). It too agrees well with quasi-linear diffusion theory based
on prior statistics of wave spectra. Sub-MeV electron precipitation observed
concurrently with strong EMIC wave-driven 1MeV precipitation has a spectral
shape that is consistent with efficient pitch-angle scattering down to 200-300
keV by much less intense higher frequency EMIC waves. These results confirm the
critical role of EMIC waves in driving relativistic electron losses. Nonlinear
effects may abound and require further investigation
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