Quantitative Assessment of the Newly MRT System from the Rider’s Perspectives

New rail systems developed in many cities have received significant attention from public transportation researchers globally and regionally. One such system is the Mass Rapid Transit system in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The quality of services’ perception has been captured through the questionnaire survey. Preliminary analysis showed that passengers were satisfied and indicated a great willingness to repeat usage. Likewise, dissatisfaction was only expressed on the feeder bus system services to and from the rail stations. This research explains the rationales for the disproportionately high satisfaction levels and betterment of the support infrastructure, including the feeder services. Keywords: high satisfaction, passengers, public transport, rail system eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.260

Islamic education philosophy in Malay manuscript : a study based on MSS 2906(A) Bāb al-Adab

The acceptance of Islam by the people in the Malay Archipelago has led to the development of a new form of education based on this religion. The Malay scholars played important roles not only in the aspects of education and society but also in the political and administrative arenas. Their thought and ideas in various disciplines marked the composition of the traditional Malay intellectual corpus and are mostly recorded today in the form of manuscripts. Nonetheless, aspects relating to the exposition of the Islamic philosophy of education are rarely addressed by them, albeit only in a few works dedicated to the subject of knowledge and learning. Hence, this article aims to identify and analyse important elements of the Islamic philosophy of education as understood by the Malays based on the manuscript of MSS 2906(A) Bāb al-Adab, held by the National Library of Malaysia. Among the issues discussed include the concept of knowledge, educational purpose, and the manners of teacher-student relationship notwithstanding the Codicological analysis of the manuscript concerning its origins, authorship and content. All these are aimed at exposing the roles and contributions of the Malay scholars in shaping the educational philosophy discourse in the region as exemplified by various traditional educational institutions such as pondok, pesantren, dayah, meunasah and so on. The perennial elements of the Islamic philosophy of education are very useful in providing the future direction of the present day Islamic educational institutions in facing future challenges

The inhibitory effect of lemon juice (citrus limon) on vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw oyster (crassostrea virginica) / Siti Farah Alwani Mohd Nawi … [et al.]

Serving raw oysters with lemon juice is a delicacy in many restaurants in Malaysia. Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) live in the seacoast and they share the same environment as Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Consumption of raw oysters contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus can lead to severe gastroenteritis. A study was performed to determine whether lemon (Citrus limon) juice is able to inhibit the growth of V. parahaemolyticus after being inoculated in raw oysters. Methods: Frozen oysters bought from a local supplier weighing 6 g each were minced and placed in two bottles using sterile technique. Approximately 1 ml of 107 CFU of V. parahaemolyticus (ATCC strain 17802) was added and mixed in both bottles. The mixture was treated with 1 ml of lemon juice in only one of the bottles and the other bottle served as a control. At every 30 s intervals for 2 min, 1 g of the sample was taken for enumeration of viable cells onto thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose (TCBS). Results: After 30 s of treatment with the lemon juice, it was observed that the number of colonies in the treated samples reduced from 7 Log to 3 Log. Subsequently, no viable V. parahaemolyticus was seen. It was also observed that there were 3 Log reductions of V. parahaemolyticus after 30 s in untreated samples, however the number of colonies remained stable until the end of the experiment. Conclusion: This study therefore shows that lemon juice has some antimicrobial effect on V. parahaemolyticus in raw oysters

Flood Hazard Assessment for the Tori Levee Breach of the Indus River Basin, Pakistan

Levee breaches are some of the most common hazards in the world and cause the loss of lives, livelihoods, and property destruction. During the 2010 flood in Pakistan, the most devastating breach occurred at Tori Levee on the right bank of the Indus River, downstream of the Guddu Barrage, which caused residual floods in northern Sindh and the adjoining regions of the Balochistan province. In this study, 2D unsteady flow modeling performed for Tori Levee breach computed residual flood inundation by coupling a HEC-RAS (Hydrological Engineering Centre-River Analysis System) 2D hydraulic model with remote sensing and Geographic Information System techniques. The model performance was judged by comparing the observed and simulated water levels (stage) during peak flow at seven different gauging stations located within the Indus River reach and daily flood extents and multi-day composites. The quantitative values for the calibration and validation of the HEC-RAS model showed good performance with a range of difference from 0.13 to -0.54 m between the simulated and observed water levels (stage), 84% match for the maximum flood inundation area, and 73.2% for the measure of fit. The overall averages of these values for the daily flood comparison were 57.12 and 75%, respectively. Furthermore, the simulated maximum flow passed through the Tori Levee breach, which was found to be 4994.47 cumecs (about 15% of peak flow) with a head water stage of 71.56 m. By using the simulated flows through the Tori Levee breach, the flood risk maps for the 2010 flood identified hazard zones according to the flood characteristics (depth, velocity, depth times velocity, arrival time, and duration). All the flood risk maps concluded the fact that the active flood plain was uninhabitable under flood conditions

Study of heterogeneous nucleation of eutectic Si in high-purity Al-Si alloys with Sr addition

The official published version can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2010 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM InternationalAl-5 wt pct Si master-alloys with controlled Sr and/or P addition/s were produced using super purity Al 99.99 wt pct and Si 99.999 wt pct materials in an arc melter. The master-alloy was melt-spun resulting in the production of thin ribbons. The Al matrix of the ribbons contained entrained Al-Si eutectic droplets that were subsequently investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermodynamic calculations, and transmission electron microscopy techniques were employed to examine the effect of the Sr and P additions on eutectic undercoolings and nucleation phenomenon. Results indicate that, unlike P, Sr does not promote nucleation. Increasing Sr additions depressed the eutectic nucleation temperature. This may be a result of the formation of a Sr phase that could consume or detrimentally affect potent AlP nucleation sites.This work is financially supported by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan and managerially supported from the OAD

Composition of fatty acid methyl ester in microalgae Chlorella vulgaris : Comparison between various methods of harvesting, extraction and transesterification

The aim of the study was to identify which of methods produces the highest yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from microalgae. Different methods of harvesting (centrifugation, Cen & coagulation, Co), extraction (Test Tube, TT & Soxhlet, Sox) and transesterification (direct transesterification, d-trans & extraction transesterification, ext-trans) were considered. The procedures of this research consists of microalgae cultivation, harvesting of biomass and extraction of oil to obtain the lipid. The further process of converting lipid into FAME is followed by transesterification process. The FAME compositions of Chlorella vulgaris were analyzed using Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The main components were consists of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids for both transesterification methods. However, FAME extracted from d-trans contained more components (linoleic and linolenic acid) than ext-trans. Furthermore, the highest amount of FAME gained by ext-trans was produced by the method of centrifugation-test tube (Cen-TT). Although Cen-TT produced the highest amount of FAME for ext-trans, it still cannot meet the highest amount of FAME produced by d-trans. Therefore, the Cen-TT method was selected to be the best microalgae harvesting and extraction method in ext-trans meanwhile the most efficient transesterification method was d-trans

An assessment of gender disparity that exists in the transit service provision: a case study of MRT feeder bus service in Klang Valley, Malaysia

People are transported from one location to another in cities of Malaysia using a variety of urban mass transit systems. However, in urban area like Klang Valley, where infrastructure development is accelerating, each gender has distinct difficulties and has a different experience utilising public transportation systems. To ensure gender equality for those using public transportation, particularly bus transit, this study tends to reveal the gender differences in perception of MRT feeder bus service quality along the major routes of Klang Valley of Malaysia. MRT feeder buses are seen to have the promise of reducing the increasing congestion in our cities if they are managed effectively and sustainably. As a result, by examining the gender disparities in perceptions of the quality of the MRT feeder transport services, this research broadens the investigation of the MRT feeder bus services. For this study, a quantitative method was used, and convenience sampling was used. The questionnaire was distributed at the chosen MRT Feeder Bus stations along the main routes in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Results from the survey supported the effectiveness and efficiency of service delivery, demonstrating that both genders found punctuality, waiting times, journey times, and the frequency of MRT feeder buses to be above 80% satisfactory. However, the study found that, there is gender disparity in the connection between gender and the cleanliness of bus stops, the distance from the starting point to the bus stop, and the fear of criminality at MRT feeder bus stations (all stops assessment). According to the results of the factor analysis, six variables can affect passenger satisfaction, including bus reliability, comfort, condition, driver attitude and appearance, access and egress issues, and bus stop evaluation. As a result, it suggests that a high number of women will experience greater fear while travelling on public transportation if inadequate planning and management of the overall public transportation infrastructure design is not remedied. It recommends a complete improvement of safety measures for women and girls as well as an increase in the service frequency of the MRT feeder buses to keep current customers and draw in more new ones

Highly stable graphene-assisted tunable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser

A highly stable tunable dual-wavelength fiber laser (TDWFL) using graphene as a means to generate a highly stable output is proposed and generated. The TDWFL comprises a 1 m long, highly doped erbiumdoped fiber (EDF) acting as the linear gain medium, with a 24-channel arrayed waveguide grating acting as a wavelength slicer as well as a tuning mechanism to generate different wavelength pairs. The tuned wavelength pairs can range from 0.8 to 18.2 nm. A few layers of graphene are incorporated into the laser cavity to induce the four-wave-mixing effect, which stabilizes the dual-wavelength output by suppressing the mode competition that arises as a result of homogenous broadening in the EDF. © 2013 Optical Society of Americ