Prevalência de adenomas colorretais em pacientes com história familiar para câncer colorretal Prevalence of colorectal adenomas in patients with family history of colorectal cancer

O câncer colorretal (CCR) é uma doença comum e letal, influenciada por fatores genéticos e ambientais, e pela interação entre ambos. Seu risco está fortemente associado ao número e à idade dos parentes de primeiro grau com história de CCR. O objetivo foi estudar a prevalência de adenomas em pacientes com história familiar de câncer colorretal. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo, tendo como alvo todos os pacientes submetidos à colonoscopia em um hospital de referência da cidade de Porto Alegre, entre 2003 e 2007. Resultados: Dos 2.462 pacientes estudados, 118 apresentaram história familiar para CCR e 2.344 não apresentaram. Nos dois grupos, houve predomínio do sexo feminino (P=0,001). Nos pacientes com adenomas e história familiar para CCR, houve predomínio do sexo feminino. Já nos pacientes com adenomas e sem história familiar, o sexo masculino foi mais frequente (P=0,032). O número de adenomas entre eles não foi estatisticamente significativo (P=0,187). Conclusão: O grupo com história familiar para CCR mostrou mais mulheres (P=0,001) e a idade também foi inferior (P=0,002). A comparação entre o grupo com adenomas e história familiar para CCR mostrou um número maior de mulheres que o grupo com adenomas sem história familiar para CCR (P=0,032).<br>Colorectal cancer is a common and lethal disease, influenced by genetic and environmental factors and the interaction between both. The risk of colorectal cancer is strongly associated with the number and age of first degree relatives with colorectal cancer. Methods: A retrospective study was performed having as its objective all the patients submitted to colonoscopy in a reference hospital in the city of Porto Alegre, between 2003 and 2007. The goal is to study the prevalence of adenomas in patients with family history of colorectal cancer. Results: From the 2,462 analyzed patients, 118 had family history for colorectal cancer and 2,344 did not have. In both groups there was predominance of females (P=0.001). In the patients with adenomas and family history of colorectal cancer, there was predominance of females. In the patients with no family history of colorectal cancer there was predominance of males (P=0.032). The number of adenomas between them was not statistically significant (P=0.187). Conclusion: The group with family history of colorectal cancer has shown more women (P=0.001) and the age was also lower (P=0.002). The comparison between the group with adenomas and family history for colorectal cancer has shown a bigger number of women than the group with adenomas with no family history for colorectal cancer (P=0.032)

Is the Distal Hyperplastic Polyp a Marker for Proximal Neoplasia?: A Systematic Review

CONTEXT: The current literature is unclear about the association between distal hyperplastic polyps and synchronous neoplasia (adenomatous polyps and cancer) in the proximal colon. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of proximal neoplasia associated with distal hyperplastic polyps. DATA SOURCES: Database searches (medline and embase from 1966 to 2001) and manual search of the bibliographies of included and excluded studies, case reports, editorials, review articles, and textbooks of Gastroenterology. STUDY SELECTION: Studies describing the prevalence of proximal neoplasia in persons with distal hyperplastic polyps. DATA EXTRACTION: Demographics, clinical variables, study design, and prevalence of proximal neoplasia associated with various distal colorectal findings. DATA SYNTHESIS: Of 18 included studies, 12 involved asymptomatic individuals in which the pooled absolute risk of any proximal neoplasia associated with distal hyperplastic polyps was 25% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 21% to 29%). In 4 studies where colonoscopy was performed irrespective of distal findings, the absolute risk was 21% (95% CI, 14% to 28%). The relative risk of finding any proximal neoplasia in persons with distal hyperplastic polyps was 1.3 (95% CI, 0.9 to 1.8) compared to those with no distal polyps. Among 6 studies of patients with symptoms or risk factors for neoplasia, the absolute risk of proximal neoplasia was 35% (95% CI, 32% to 39%) in persons with distal hyperplastic polyps. In 2 studies of screening colonoscopy, advanced proximal neoplasia (cancer, or a polyp with villous histology or severe dysplasia, or a tubular adenoma ≥1 cm) was present in 4% to 5% of persons with distal hyperplastic polyps, which was 1.5 to 2.6 times greater than in those with no distal polyps. CONCLUSIONS: In asymptomatic persons, a distal hyperplastic polyp is associated with a 21% to 25% risk for any proximal neoplasia and a 4% to 5% risk of advanced proximal neoplasia, and may justify examination of the proximal colon. Further study is needed to determine the risk of advanced proximal neoplasia associated with size and number of distal hyperplastic polyps