La Ecografía de Partes Blandas como Técnica Diagnóstica de los Quistes Poplíteos

Se presentan 39 casos de quistes poplíteos estudiados mediante ultrasonografía durante los últimos 5 años en el Hospital Clínico de Valencia. Se discute acerca de la utilidad de la ecografía de partes blandas en el diagnóstico de las patologías del hueco poplíteo, haciendo hincapié en sus ventajas respecto a otras técnicas más costosas e invasivas.The authors report 39 cases of popliteal's cysts diagnosed with ultrasonography along the last five years in the Hospital Clínico of Valencia. They argue about the usefulness of ultrasonography of soft-tissues in the diagnosis of popliteal pathologies, urging on his advantages over other techniques more aggresive and expensive

Effects of Exogenous Yeast and Bacteria on the Microbial Population Dynamics and Outcomes of Olive Fermentations.

In this study, we examined Sicilian-style green olive fermentations upon the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae UCDFST 09-448 and/or Pichia kudriazevii UCDFST09-427 or the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus plantarum AJ11R and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides BGM3R. Olives containing S. cerevisiae UCDFST 09-448, a strain able to hydrolyze pectin, but not P. kudriazevii UCDFST 09-427, a nonpectinolytic strain, exhibited excessive tissue damage within 4 weeks. DNA sequencing of fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and comparisons to a yeast-specific ITS sequence database remarkably showed that neither S. cerevisiae UCDFST 09-448 nor P. kudriazevii UCDFST 09-427 resulted in significant changes to yeast species diversity. Instead, Candida boidinii constituted the majority (>90%) of the total yeast present, independent of whether S. cerevisiae or P. kudriazevii was added. By comparison, Lactobacillus species were enriched in olives inoculated with potential starter LAB L. plantarum AJ11R and L. pseudomesenteroides BGM3R according to community 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The bacterial diversity of those olives was significantly reduced and resembled control fermentations incubated for a longer period of time. Importantly, microbial populations were highly dynamic at the strain level, as indicated by the large variations in AJ11R and BGM3R cell numbers over time and reductions in the numbers of yeast isolates expressing polygalacturonase activity. These findings show the distinct effects of exogenous spoilage and starter microbes on indigenous communities in plant-based food fermentations that result in very different impacts on product quality. IMPORTANCE Food fermentations are subject to tremendous selective pressures resulting in the growth and persistence of a limited number of bacterial and fungal taxa. Although these foods are vulnerable to spoilage by unintended contamination of certain microorganisms, or alternatively, can be improved by the deliberate addition of starter culture microbes that accelerate or beneficially modify product outcomes, the impact of either of those microbial additions on community dynamics within the fermentations is not well understood at strain-specific or global scales. Herein, we show how exogenous spoilage yeast or starter lactic acid bacteria confer very different effects on microbial numbers and diversity in olive fermentations. Introduced microbes have long-lasting consequences and result in changes that are apparent even when levels of those inoculants and their major enzymatic activities decline. This work has direct implications for understanding bacterial and fungal invasions of microbial habitats resulting in pivotal changes to community structure and function

Practical considerations for clinical use of mesenchymal stem cells: From the laboratory to the horse

Since the clinical use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treating musculoskeletal injuries is gaining popularity, practitioners should be aware of the factors that may affect MSCs from tissue harvesting for MSC isolation to cell delivery into the injury site. This review provides equine practitioners with up-to-date, practical knowledge for the treatment of equine patients using MSCs. A brief overview of laboratory procedures affecting MSCs is provided, but the main focus is on shipping conditions, routes of administration, injection methods, and which commonly used products can be combined with MSCs and which products should be avoided as they have deleterious effects on cells. There are still several knowledge gaps regarding MSC-based therapies in horses. Therefore, it is important to properly manage the factors which are currently known to affect MSCs, to further strengthen the evidence basis of this treatment

Forage Quality of Cereal–Common Vetch at Different Age and Proportions

Cereal plant age at harvesting and the proportion of vetch in the harvested forage from cereal-common vetch mixtures might influence total forage quality. The objectives were to determine forage of a forage mixture cereal-vetch, from cereal harvested at two development stages and vetch at different proportion. Cereals were oats and triticale, cultivars: Chihuahua, Bicentenario and Siglo XXI, the last two were triticale; cereal development stages at harvest were: 50% flowering and hard grain. Vetch was harvested at two development stages: 100% flowering and pod formation, while vetch proportions in the forage mix were: 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0. Forage quality measures were: crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE) and dry matter digestibility (DMD). Statistical analysis was by linear regression; cereal cultivar was a categorical variable. Models developed showed a R2≥0.7871. As vetch proportion increased in the mix so did CP while NDF decreased, CP increased from 9.2 to 17.5% and 9.2 to 14.4% and NDF decreased from 71.4 to 57.6% and 79.1 to 58.9%, as vetch proportion increased, when cereal was harvested at 50% flowering and grain hard, respectively. OM and EE showed small changes over vetch proportion and cereal development stage. DMD showed major (p\u3c 0.05) changes with cereal development stage at harvesting. It was concluded that forage quality of cereal-vetch mix depends on vetch proportion and stage of development of the cereal at the time of harvest

Host relationships and geographic distribution of species of Blanchard, 1848 (Onchoproteocephalidea, Onchobothriidae) in elasmobranchs: a metadata analysis

Species of Acanthobothrium have been documented as parasites of the spiral intestine of elasmobranchs. Results of a metadata analysis indicate that 114 species of elasmobranchs have been reported as hosts of 200 species of Acanthobothrium. The metadata analysis revealed that 3.7% of species of sharks and 14.9% of species of rays that have been reported as hosts to date; some species are parasitized by more than one species of Acanthobothrium. This work provides a Category designation, as proposed by Ghoshroy and Caira (2001), for each species of Acanthobothrium. These Category designations are a tool to facilitate comparisons among members of Acanthobothrium for descriptions of new species in the future

Changes in Crude Protein and Fiber Contents of Small Grain Cereals for Forage over Time

Oat, triticale, wheat and barley are small grain cereals used as forage in many temperate Mexican regions. The objective was to determine crude protein and van Soest fiber contents of these forages cut at 80, 96, 108, 121, 138 and 153 days after seeding. Cultivars used were: Chihuahua (OC) for oat; Arne (TA), Bicentenario (TB) and Siglo XXI (TS) for triticale; Saturno (WS) for wheat; and San Marcos (BSM) for barley. Experiment was under greenhouse conditions from November 2015 to May 2016. Crude protein (CP), neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergents fibers were determined on the forage harvested at each time. Statistical analysis was by linear regression with cultivar as a dummy variable (R2= 0.5843 to 0.6861), response variables were CP, NDF and ADF contents over days after seeding (R2≥ 0.7693), the model included first grade interaction. Models developed were compared based on the slopes calculated. First grade interaction was significant (p\u3c 0.05) in CP due to the pattern change in TS, and in NDF due to the pattern change in OC and in ADF due to the pattern change in TA. So that, individual models and coefficient confident intervals were developed for each species and cultivar to compare them and to declare similarities or differences at p\u3c 0.05. Overall, CP decreased (p\u3e 0.05) from 0.11 to 0.39; while NDF and ADF increased (p\u3e 0.05) from 0.60 to 1.10, and from 0.20 to 0.83 percentage units day-1 respectively. It was concluded that crude protein, neutral and acid detergent fiber contents in small grain cereals are not dependent on harvesting time when measured at development stages close to physiological maturity

Differentiation of equine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells increases the expression of immunogenic genes

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising treatment for equine musculoskeletal injuries because of their ability to regulate the inflammation and to differentiate into other cell types. Since interest in allogeneic therapy is rising, concerns about MSC immunogenicity need to be addressed. Differentiated MSCs from several species increase their expression of immunogenic molecules and induce alloresponses, but equine MSC immunogenic profile after differentiation has not been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the gene expression of immunogenic markers in tri-lineage differentiated equine bone marrow derived MSCs (eBM-MSCs). For this purpose, eBM-MSCs (n = 4) were differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. Differentiation was confirmed by specific staining and gene expression of lineage-related markers. Subsequently, gene expression of MHC-I, MHC-II, CD40 and CD80 was analyzed in undifferentiated (control) and tri-lineage differentiated eBM-MSCs. Osteogenesis and adipogenesis, but not chondrogenesis, significantly upregulated MHC-I; MHC-II expression significantly increased in the three lineages, while CD40 and CD80 expression did not change. Despite this, MHC-I and MHC-II upregulation after differentiation might lead to increased immunogenicity and risk of allorecognition, either eBM-MSCs differentiate in vivo after administration or they are differentiated prior to administration, with potential negative consequences for effectiveness and safety of allogeneic therapy

Physical activity levels during unstructured recess in Spanish primary and secondary schools

Introduction. The goals of this study were: a) to describe sedentary time and different physical activity (PA) intensities during school recess; b) to analyze sex and education level differences; c) to describe compliance with recommended guidelines for recess and; d) to determine the contribution of unstructured recess to PA guidelines. Material and Methods. Two subsamples from Spain participated: one of primary school students (114 girls, 8.77 +/- 1.74 years and 59 boys, 8.47 +/- 1.71 years), and one of secondary school students (100 girls, 12.16 +/- 0.49 years and 116 boys, 12.15 +/- 0.52 years). PA was quantified by accelerometers. Results and Discussion. Significant sex and education level effect was found over the combination of different percentages of PA intensities. All PA intensities except sedentary and light, showed higher values in primary education students. Boys reported higher values in MVPA both in primary and secondary. It was found a significant effect of sex and education level on the contribution of recess to PA guidelines. Conclusions. Interventions should be carried out to encourage PA during recess, especially for girls and secondary school students. Introducción. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: a) describir el tiempo sedentario y diferentes niveles de intensidad de actividad física (AF) durante los recreos escolares; b) analizar las diferencias según el sexo y el nivel educativo; c) determinar el cumplimiento con las recomendaciones internacionales de práctica de AF para los periodos de recreo; d) definir la contribución de los recreos a las recomendaciones diarias de actividad física. Materiales y Métodos. Participaron dos muestras de alumnos: una de educación primaria (114 chicas, 8.77±1.74 años y 59 chicos, 8.47±1.71 años), y una de educación secundaria (100 chicas, 12.16±0.49 años y 116 chicos, 12.15±0.52 años). Se utilizaron acelerómetros para analizar los niveles de AF. Resultados y discusión. Los resultados mostraron un efecto significativo del género y el nivel educativo en las diferentes intensidades de actividad física. Todas las intensidades, excepto tiempo sedentario y actividad ligera, mostraron valores mayores en alumnos de educación primaria. Los chicos mostraron valores mayores en la actividad física moderada-vigorosa (AFMV). Se encontró también un efecto significativo del sexo y el nivel educativo en la contribución del recreo al cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de AF. Conclusiones. Deberían desarrollarse intervenciones para fomentar la AF durante los recreos, especialmente para chicas y alumnos de educación secundaria